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THE VACCINE CONTROVERSY Presented by: Joseph Goodfellow
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WHAT ARE VACCINES? “A substance used to stimulate the production of antibodies and provide immunity against one or several diseases, prepared from the causative agent of a disease, its products, or a synthetic substitute, treated to act as an antigen without inducing the disease.”
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History Smallpox vaccine introduced in 1798 Diphtheria antitoxin Tuberculin (1890) By the 1950s Diphtheria, pertusis, tetanus and smallpox By mid-1980s many vaccines have been added Universal Immunization Programme
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Present Day Vaccination schedule CDC recommends 28 doses of 10 vaccines for children ages 0-6 Mandatory school vaccinations Exemptions
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ACIP’S VACCINE RECOMMENDATIONS Anthrax BCG DTaP Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Hib DTP HPV Influenza Japanese Encephalitis MMR Meningococcal Pneumgococcal Smallpox Rotavirus Tdap/Td Typhoid Varicella (chickenpox) Yellow Fever Shingles
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Vaccine Effectiveness Rubella 12.5 million cases during 1964-65 epidemic In 2004, there were 9 cases Measles 3 million cases up till 1963 > 90% of children were diagnosed by age 15 In 2002, there were 44 cases Diphtheria Approx. 200,000 cases in 1920 In 2002, there was 1 case Hib 20,000 cases per year (before 1985) In 2002, there were 34 cases
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SO WHAT’S THE CONTROVERSY? Some believe there are flaws with vaccines Issues that are being raised threaten the belief system that our conventional health care system is predicated upon “Vaccines are the cause of chronic, debilitating and, in many ways, painful immunologic and neurological disorders.”
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CONTROVERSY CON’T… Diseases haven’t disappeared More than 350,000 cases of measles were reported from around the world in 2011 Vaccine-preventable diseases haven’t been totally erased Smallpox
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CONTROVERSY CON’T.. Is it better to be naturally infected rather than vaccinated?
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CONCERNS WITH AUTISM In 2002, 1 in 68 children were born with ASD An increase in Autism cases Theory that Autism is linked to Vaccines
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PROS Vaccines are a preventive measure which is far less costly for governments, health care providers, and the economy than treating victims of the disease after it has appeared The preventable 1989-91 measles outbreak in the United States, for example, created $100 million in direct medical costs alone Reduce human deaths and suffering
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PROS CON’T.. Vaccines can save your child’s life Immunization protects others you care about Immunization protects future generations Saves time and money
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http:// www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/acip-recs/index.html Rubella
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MEASLES
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INTRODUCTION TO VARIOUS VACCINES
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ROTAVIRUS
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http://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMc1100062
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WHAT HAPPENS IF WE STOPPED VACCINES? http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vac-gen/whatifstop.htm
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CON’T… Breakdown in herd immunity Pertussis epidemic Japan, 1974 80% of children were getting the disease Whooping cough outbreak California, 2010 9,500 cases reported (Most in the last 65 years!)
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CON’T… Since the introduction of vaccines; deaths and other preventable-disease related illnesses have been dramatically reduced Has saved millions of dollars for families and health care providers Has prevented epidemics seen in the past
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SOURCES http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=209448 http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=209448 http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/acip-recs/index.html http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/acip-recs/index.html http://www.immunizationinfo.org/parents/why-immunize http://www.immunizationinfo.org/parents/why-immunize http://www.cdc.gov/vaccinesafety/concerns/autism/ http://vaccines.procon.org/ http://vaccines.procon.org/ http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vac-gen/whatifstop.htm http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vac-gen/whatifstop.htm
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