1. Dario Modirrousta-Galian

2.  French monks in the 11 th or 12 th century  Wooden tennis rackets.  Introduction of Carbon Fibre.  Popularity growth.

3.  Low density  Strong  Stiff  Hard

4. MATERIALDENSITYAVERAGE MASS OF TENNIS RACKET (grams) CARBON FIBRE1740310-340 STEEL7900355-400 WOOD (ASH)710365-425

5. Mass: 0.06kg Max Speed: 73m/s Contact time: 0.03s Return Shot: 73m/s Head Size: 0.082m 2 Racke t Ball Before04.38 After8.76- 4.38 P= m × v P= 0.06 × 73 P= 4.38 P= m × v P= 0.06 × -73 P= -4.38 Conservation of momentum Ball Before Ball after F=(Δmv) ⁄t F= 8.76/0.03 F≈300N P=N/m 2 300/0.082 =3658.54 ≈ 3700Pa

7. Wood Metal Flexible

8. MATERIALYOUNG’S MODULUS (N/m 2 ) CARBON FIBRE530 × 10 9 STEEL200 × 10 9 WOOD (ASH)4400-18100

9. CFRP= Carbon fibre reinforced polymer Costs per kg: £50-£75 Price of Racket: £25.50 (MAX)

10. Costs per kg: £5-£8 Price of Racket: £3.40 (MAX)

11. Costs per kg: £1-£7 Price of Racket: £2.80 (MAX)

12. Strong Covalent bonds require a lot of energy/force to break. These are very directional bonds.

13. Structure is in a cross-hatched style which makes it very tight. This makes it very useful for tennis rackets as it makes them very strong. Carbon Fibre under an electron microscope.

15. Head Size: 0.039m²-0.042m² Head Size:0.052m²- 0.058m² Head Size: 0.077m²-0.087m² Maximum= 0.088m 2