1. DR. RUTA KARNIK ROLL NO 27 TREATMENT OF FROST BITES

2. INDEX INTRODUCTION CAUSES SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS TREATMENT PREVENTIVE MAJORS DISASTER MANAGEMENT

4. INTRODUCTION “FROST BITE”: IS DEFINED AS THE FREEZING AND CRYSTALLIZING OF FLUIDS IN THE INTERSTITIAL AND CELLULAR SPACES AS A CONSEQUENCE OF PROLONGED EXPOSURE TO FREEZING TEMPERATURES. - emedicine.com

5. CAUSES INADEQUATE BLOOD CIRCULATION OR POOR CIRCULATION SMOKING, ALCOHOL USE. DISEASES THAT AFFECT THE BLOOD VESSELS e.g. DIABETES. EXPOSURE TO LIQUID NITROGEN. PROLONGED CONTACT WITH AEROSOL SPRAYS

6. CLASSIFICATION FROST-NIP OR FIRST DEGREE FROSTBITE SECOND DEGREE FROSTBITE THIRD DEGREE FROSTBITE

8. SYMPTOMS IN SUPERFICIAL FROSTBITE: BURNING, NUMBNESS, TINGLING, ITCHING, OR COLD SENSATIONS IN THE AFFECTED AREAS. IN DEEP FROSTBITE: INITIALLY DECREASE IN SENSATION EVENTUALLY LEADING TO COMPLETE LOSS.

9. SIGNS IN SUPERFICIAL FROSTBITE: THE REGIONS APPEAR WHITE AND FROZEN. IN DEEP FROSTBITE: SWELLING AND BLOOD-FILLED BLISTERS OVER WHITE OR YELLOWISH SKIN. THE SKIN TURNS PURPLISH BLUE AS IT RE-WARMS OR EVEN BLACK.

10. TREATMENT AT HOME KEEP THE AFFECTED BODY PART ELEVATED IN ORDER TO REDUCE SWELLING. MOVE TO A WARM AREA. REMOVE ALL WET CLOTHING. GIVE THE PERSON WARM, NONALCOHOLIC, NON-CAFFEINATED FLUIDS TO DRINK. APPLY A DRY, STERILE BANDAGE, PLACE COTTON BETWEEN ANY INVOLVED FINGERS OR TOES.

11. TREATMENT AT HOSPITAL RE-WARMING IS THE HIGHEST PRIORITY. NARCOTIC PAIN MEDICATIONS AS THE PROCESS IS VERY PAINFUL. DEHYDRATION IS VERY COMMON, IV FLUIDS MAY ALSO BE GIVEN. THE CLEAR BLISTERS ARE DEBRIDED. A TETANUS BOOSTER IS GIVEN IF NEEDED.

12. CONTINUED….. ALOE VERA CREAM IS APPLIED EVERY 6 HOURS, AND THE AREA IS ELEVATED AND SPLINTED. MEDICATIONS TO COMBAT INFLAMMATION. FOR DEEP FROSTBITE, DAILY WATER THERAPY IN A 40 C IN ORDER TO REMOVE ANY DEAD TISSUE.

13. PREVENTIVE GEARS

16. DISASTER MANAGEMENT BY SAARC AVALANCHES,LAND SLIDES IN SNOW-CLAD REGION. WARNING TO BE GIVEN TO LOCALS. SMALL EXPLOSIVES. SUFFICIENT DENSITY OF TREES. ARTIFICIAL BARRIERS.

17. DISASTER MANAGEMENT BY NDMA THE COMPONENTS OF THE LANDSLIDE DISASTER MANAGEMENT PROCESS: EMERGENGY PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE. PUBLIC AWARENESS AND EDUCATION. CAPACITY BUILDING AND TRAINING. KNOWLEDGE NETWORK AND MANAGEMENT.

18. CONTINUED….. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, MONITORING AND EARLY WARNING. LANDSLIDE REMEDATION PRACTICE. MULTI-HAZARDS CONCEPTUALISATION. LANDSLIDE HAZARDS, VULNERABILITY & RISK ASSESSMENT.

20. ANY QUESTIONS?????

21. THANK YOU……