1. Periodic Table Parts

2. The Periodic Table 1866 John Newlands (England) When elements are arranged by weight, they repeat certain properties in groups of eight. He called them “octaves” like the keys on a piano. He was mocked and dropped out of sight. 1869 Dimitri Mendelev (Russia) suggested the same thing (without the musical analogy), and was considered brilliant! Thus the periodic table was born. Inspired by the card game of solitaire.

3. Periodic Table Periodicity - recurrence at regular intervals. Dmitri Mendeleev 1834-1907

4. Periodic Table Dmitri Medeleev 1834-1907 It helped predict properties of the missing elements It showed there were missing elements There’s a repeating pattern of properties when the elements are put in order of atomic mass

5. Periodic Trends Trends within the Periodic Table of Elements Atomic Radii Electronegativity Ionization Energy Density

6. Periodic Trends Trends within the Periodic Table of Elements Atomic Radii – Size of the atom (e - cloud) Electronegativity – Strength of attracting e - (similar to electron affinity) Ionization Energy – Energy required to remove e - Density – How much mass per volume

7. Atomic radii in picometers (10 -12 m)

11. 37

12. 50

13. 37 50 140

14. 37 50 140 90

15. 37 50 140 90 80

16. 37 50 140 90 80 77

17. 37 50 140 90 80 77 71

18. 37 50 140 90 80 77 71 66

19. 37 50 140 90 80 77 71 66 64

20. 37 50 140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70

21. 37 50 140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70 157

22. 37 50 140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70 157 136

23. 37 50 140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70 157 136143

24. 37 50 140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70 157 136143 118

25. 37 50 140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70 157 136143 118109

26. 37 50 140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70 157 136143 118109 103

27. 37 50 140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70 157 136143 118109 103 91

28. 37 50 140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70 157 136143 118109 103 91 94

29. 37 50 140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70 157 136143 118109 103 91 94 196

30. 37 50 140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70 157 136143 118109 103 91 94 196 174

31. 37 50 140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70 157 136143 118109 103 91 94 196 174

32. 37 50 140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70 157 136143 118109 103 91 94 196 174

33. 37 50 140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70 157 136143 118109 103 91 94 196 174

34. 37 50 140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70 157 136143 118109 103 91 94 196 174

35. 37 50 140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70 157 136143 118109 103 91 94 196 174

36. 37 50 140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70 157 136143 118109 103 91 94 196 174

37. 37 50 140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70 157 136143 118109 103 91 94 196 174

38. 37 50 140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70 157 136143 118109 103 91 94 196 174

39. 37 50 140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70 157 136143 118109 103 91 94 196 174

40. 37 50 140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70 157 136143 118109 103 91 94 196 174

41. 37 50 140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70 157 136143 118109 103 91 94 196 174

42. 37 50 140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70 157 136143 118109 103 91 94 196 174

44. Atomic Radii - Basic Trend: Larger

47. Electronegativity – The ability of an atom to attract electrons.

48. Electronegativity - Basic Trend: Larger Electron Affinity – is similar to electronegativity

49. Ionization Energy – The energy required to remove an electron. First Ionization Energy – The energy required to remove the first electron from a neutral atom. Second Ionization Energy – The energy required to remove the second electron from an atom after its first electron is removed. Third Ionization Energy – The energy required to remove the third electron from an atom...

50. Relative Trend in FIRST Ionization Energies

51. Ionization Energy - Basic Trend: Larger

52. Successive Ionization Energies It ALWAYS gets harder to remove the next electron! There is a tremendous jump in difficulty when the electronic structure is a Noble Gas core!

53. Density Trend Density = Mass Volume Fun Density Facts: One cm 3 of water has a mass of… - 1.0 grams One cm 3 of gold has a mass of… - 19.3 grams One cm 3 of lead has a mass of… - 11.3 grams 1 cm 3 = about the volume of

54. Density vs Atomic Number

55. Density - Basic Trend: Increase

56. Atomic Radii – Increases down and left. Electronegativity – Increases up and right (H=C) Ionization Energy (First) – Increases up and right. Density – Increases down and to the middle. Review of Trends