1. British Civilisation Week 4 The English Civil War Dr. Granville Pillar

2. The English Civil War The Stuarts ruled from 1603-1714. Charles I was king from 1625-1649 and made mistakes which led to Civil War. He made mistakes in 6 areas. Relationships Money Religion Scotland Ireland Parliament

3. The English Civil War Relationships: Charles married Princess Henrietta Maria of France, a Roman Catholic. Charles chose the Duke of Buckingham as his adviser against the wishes of Parliament. Money: He dismissed Parliament to rule alone. He introduced many taxes on the people.

4. The English Civil War Religion: The Protestants were upset at his marriage to a Catholic Princess. He changed the format of church services and introduced a new English Prayer Book in 1637. Scotland He tried to force the changes on the church in Scotland. The Scots rioted against the new service and they defeated the English army.

5. The English Civil War Ireland: The Irish Catholics revolted against the English, and Charles was said to be behind it. An army was sent, but Charles and the Parliament both wanted to control the army. Parliament: The Parliament issued to Charles the Great Remonstrance in 1641. Charles planned to arrest 5 leading MPs.

6. The English Civil War Parliament: The Parliament passed the Nineteen Proposals which were to reduce greatly the King’s power. The Parliament was divided, and some sided with Charles. Charles and the Parliament collected armies and the Civil War began on 22 August 1642.

7. The English Civil War Oliver Cromwell, an MP representing Camridge joined the Parliamentary forces. He developed a new technique in using cavalry in battle. He formed a new army of professional soldiers. For the first time in English history, working class men could become officers.

8. The English Civil War Civil War broke out between the King’s forces (Cavaliers) and Oliver Cromwell’s troops (Roundheads) in 1644. Charles was defeated, captured and found guilty of treason and executed in 1649. In 1649 Cromwell arrived in Ireland, in ten years killed about one third of the Catholic population. Land was taken from the Catholics and given to the Protestant soldiers as payment for their services.

9. The English Civil War Cromwell was made England’s new ruler on December 1653. The Monarchy, the House of Lords and the Anglican Church were abolished. Cromwell closed Parliament, imposed military rule and Puritan morality. Cromwell died on 3 September 1658. The Monarchy was restored on 8 May 1660, Charles II was proclaimed King of England.

10. The English Civil War Charles II planned to restore Catholicism, but this led to war with the Netherlands. In 1665 the bubonic plague broke out killing 100000 people. In September 1666 the Great Fire of London destroyed two-thirds of the buildings. Christopher Wren became responsible for rebuilding the city, which included 50 churches.

11. The English Civil War Charles II’s son, James II, became Catholic and succeeded to the throne of England. William of Orange landed in Britain in November 1688 to defend Protestantism. William III and his wife Mary II, became joint monarchs in 1688. William ruled until his death in 1702, and was succeeded James II daughter, Anne.