1. Levels of Consciousness Consciousness and Sleep

2. Types of Awareness Types of awareness that make up our consciousness: –External Sensory perception Awareness of the sights, sounds tastes, smells and touch sensations around us. “The Spring flowers are really beautiful, and they smell so good.” –Internal Sensory Perception The ability to internally experience sensory information from something you remember or things you imagine John, “I remember when I broke my leg. I can still feel the terrible pain.” Tom, “I have never broken any bones, but it hurts just thinking of it

3. Types of Awareness Types cont’d –Abstract Awareness Thoughts, ideas or emotions about which we are conscious, but are not sensory perceptions. “The yellow ribbons on the cars remind me that people are fighting in Iraq, and they need our support.” –Awareness of Self You are aware of yourself as an individual, different from other people and objects. “Even though all my siblings love going to the movies, I would rather stay home and read a good history book.”

4. Chronobiology –The Study of the effects of time on life processes Biological clock –A tiny piece of brain tissue located near the intersection of the optic nerves from each eye that programs activities in the body to occur at different times during the daily cycle. –The part of the body that causes you to get tired at a certain time, awake at a certain time, get hungry at a certain time –Jet lag, shift work and college life are examples of things that will “throw off” your biological clock –Almost always linked to some type of light sensing cells, why?

5. Chronobiology Circadian Rhythms –The body’s cycle of natural functions such as: Sleeping Waking Temperature Blood pressure –The natural cycle is at 25 hours, but we force our bodies to fit the 24 hour cycle of light and darkness Entrainment –Altering a natural cycle to fit a different rhythm

6. Sleep Quiet Sleep NREM (non REM) –4 stages take up 75% of sleep time 1.Pulse slows, muscles relax, breathing uneven, brain waves irregular (about 10 min) 2.Eyes roll slowly from side to side (about 30 min) 3.Large amplitude delta waves sweep brain every second or so. 4.Deepest sleep, “state of oblivion.” May talk out loud, sleepwalk, bed-wet, night terrors Important to your physical and psychological well-being

7. Sleep Active Sleep: –REM sleep – About 10 min the first time Pulse rate and breathing irregular Adrenal and sexual hormone levels in blood rise Face and fingers may twitch Large muscles in arms and legs are paralyzed Brain waves like those when awake Almost all dreams take place in this stage Cycle repeats about every 90 minutes Each time length of stage 4 gets shorter and REM increases

11. Why Do We Dream? Physiological reasons –We dream in order to exercise the synapses When we are awake our brain is in constant motion – synapses constantly fire When we sleep our dreams maintain that function Psychological reasons –Dreams deal with immediate concerns in our life Unfinished business from the day Concerns we are incapable of dealing with during the day –Dreams can actually teach us something about ourselves that we are unaware of Some say that it is a culmination of all your thoughts and feelings from the day Some say it is to relieve us from the stress of the day so we can wake up stress free and relaxed Dreams have no function what-so-ever