1. Essentials of Sociology Sixth Edition Chapter Two: Culture This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; any rental, lease, or lending of the program.

2. Culture Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 20062 Chapter Overview  What is Culture?  Components of Symbolic Culture  Many Cultural Worlds: Subcultures and Countercultures  Values in U.S. Society  Technology in the Global Village  Cultural Lag, Diffusion, and Labeling

3. Culture Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 20063  Language, Beliefs, Values, Norms, Behavior Passed from One Generation to the Next  Material vs. Nonmaterial Cultures What is Culture?

4. Culture Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 20064  What is Normal, Natural, or Usual?  The Culture Within Us  Culture as Lens  Culture Shock  Ethnocentrism Culture and Taken-for- Granted Orientations Microsoft Image

5. Culture Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 20065  Understanding Cultures on Their Own Terms  “Sick Cultures”  Confronting Contrasting Views of Reality Practicing Cultural Relativism Microsoft Image

6. Culture Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 20066  Symbol is Something to Which People Attach Meaning  Gestures  Language Components of Symbolic Culture Microsoft Image

7. Culture Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 20067  Allows Human Experience to Be Cumulative  Provides a Social or Shared Past  Provides a Social or Shared Future  Allows Shared Perspectives  Allows Complex, Shared, Goal-Directed Behavior Language and Culture

8. Culture Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 20068  Language Has Embedded Within It Ways of Looking at the World  Sapir-Whorf Reverses Common Sense Language and Perception: Sapir-Whorf Microsoft Image

9. Culture Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 20069  Values - What is Desirable in Life  Norms - Expectations or Rules for Behavior  Sanctions - Reaction to Following or Breaking Norms  Positive Sanctions  Negative Sanctions Values,Norms,and Sanctions

10. Culture Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200610  Folkways - Norms not Strictly Enforced  Mores - Core Values. We Insist on Conformity Folkways and Mores

11. Culture Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200611  Subculture - A World Within the Dominant Culture  Countercultures - Groups With Norms and Values at Odds with the Dominant Culture Subcultures & Countercultures

12. Culture Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200612 Values in U.S. Society Romantic LoveDemocracy Science and Technology ReligiosityFreedom Efficiency and Practicality EducationHumanitarianism Activity and Work Racism and Group Superiority Material ComfortIndividualism EqualityProgress Achievement and Success

13. Culture Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200613  Achievement and Success  Individualism  Activity and Work  Efficiency and Practicality  Science and Technology Values in U.S. Society Microsoft Image

14. Culture Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200614  Progress  Material Comfort  Humanitarianism  Freedom  Democracy Values in U.S. Society Microsoft Image

15. Culture Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200615  Equality  Racism and Group Superiority  Education  Religiosity  Romantic Love Values in U.S. Society Microsoft Image

16. Culture Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200616  Value Clusters - Series of Interrelated Values  Values Contradictions - Values that Contradict One Another Value Clusters and Contradictions

17. Culture Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200617 Value Contradictions and Social Change “It is precisely at the point of value contradictions, then, that one can see a major force for social change in a society”

18. Culture Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200618  Leisure  Self-fulfillment  Physical Fitness  Youthfulness  Concern for the Environment Emerging Values Microsoft Image

19. Culture Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200619  Culture Wars: When Values Clash  Value as Blinders  “Ideal” vs. “Real” Culture Values and Culture

20. Culture Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200620  The New Technology - New Tools  Cultural Lag and Cultural Change  Technology and Cultural Leveling Technology in the Global Village