1. IN THE NAME OF ALLAH

3. The Skull 22 bones joined together by sutures
Cranial bones surround cranial cavity
8 bones
Facial bones support teeth & form nasal cavity & orbit
14 bones

4. Frontal Bone Forms forehead and part of the roof of the cranium
Forms roof of the orbit
Contains frontal sinus

5. Parietal Bone Forms cranial roof and part of its lateral walls
Bordered by 4 sutures
coronal, sagittal, lambdoid and squamous
Marked by temporal lines of temporalis muscle
Temporal lines

6. Temporal Bone Forms lateral wall & part of floor of cranial cavity
squamous part
zygomatic process
mandibular fossa & TMJ
tympanic part
external auditory meatus
styloid process
mastoid part
mastoid process
mastoid notch
digastric muscle

7. Petrous Portion of Temporal Bone
Forms part of cranial floor
separates middle from posterior cranial fossa
Houses middle and inner ear cavities

8. Openings in Temporal Bone

10. Occipital Bone
Foramen magnum holds spinal cord
occipital condyles

11. Sphenoid Bone Lesser wing Greater wing Body of sphenoid
Medial and lateral pterygoid processes

12. Sphenoid Bone Body of the sphenoid Lesser wing
sella turcica contains deep pit (hypophyseal fossa)
houses pituitary gland
Lesser wing
optic foramen contains optic nerve & ophthalmic a.

13. Sphenoid Bone
Sphenoid sinus

15. Ethmoid Bone Between the orbital cavities
Forms lateral walls and roof of nasal cavity
Cribriform plate & crista galli
Ethmoid air cells form ethmoid sinus
Perpendicular plate forms part of nasal septum
Concha or turbinates on lateral wall

17. Ethmoid Bone Superior & middle concha
Perpendicular plate of nasal septum

18. Maxillary Bones Forms upper jaw Forms inferomedial wall of orbit
alveolar processes are bony points between teeth
alveolar sockets hold teeth
Forms inferomedial wall of orbit
infraorbital foramen
Forms anterior 2/3’s of hard palate
incisive foramen
cleft palate

19. Locations of Paranasal Sinuses
Frontal
Ethmoid
Maxillary
Sphenoid
Maxillary sinus fills maxillae bone
Other bones containing sinuses are frontal, ethmoid & sphenoid.

20. Palatine Bones L-shaped bone Posterior 1/3 of the hard palate
Part of lateral nasal wall
Part of the orbital floor

21. Zygomatic Bones
Forms angles of the cheekbones and part of lateral orbital wall
Zygomatic arch is formed from zygomatic bone and zygomatic process of temporal bone

22. Lacrimal Bones Form part of medial wall of each orbit
Lacrimal fossa houses lacrimal sac in life

23. Nasal Bones Forms bridge of nose and supports cartilages of nose
Often fractured by blow to the nose

24. Inferior Nasal Conchae
A separate bone

25. Vomer Inferior half of the nasal septum
Supports cartilage of nasal septum

26. Mandible Only bone of the skull that can move Holds the lower teeth
jaw joint formed between mandibular fossa of temporal bone & condyloid process
Holds the lower teeth
Attachment of muscles of mastication
temporalis muscle onto coronoid process
masseter muscle onto angle of mandible
Mandibular foramen
Mental foramen

28. Bones Associated With the Skull
Auditory ossicles
malleus
incus
stapes
Hyoid bone
suspended from styloid process of skull by stylohyoid muscle and ligament
greater & lesser cornua

29. Major Skull Cavities Cranial cavity holds brain
Orbit contains eyeball & extraocular muscles
Ethmoid sinus
Nasal cavity
Maxillary sinus
Oral cavity

30. Cranial Fossa 3 basins that comprise the cranial floor or base
Anterior cranial fossa
Middle cranial fossa
Posterior cranial fossa

31. The Skull in Infancy & Childhood
Spaces between unfused skull bones called fontanelles
filled with fibrous membrane
allow shifting of bones during birth & growth of brain in infancy
2 frontalle bones fuse by age six
metopic suture

32. Norma Verticalis

33. Norma Frontalis

34. Norma Occipitalis

35. Norma Lateralis

36. Norma Basalis