1. INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM SKIN& BODY MEMBRANES

2. MEMBRANES Structure: Thin, sheet like structureStructure: Thin, sheet like structure Functions:Functions: –Cover and protect the body surface –Line the body cavities –Cover the inner surface of the hollow organs (digestive, reproductive, respiratory) –Anchor organs to each other or to bones –Cover internal organs –Secrete lubricating fluids that reduce friction during organ movements

3. Two Types of Body Membranes Epithelial MembranesEpithelial Membranes –Cutaneous membrane (skin) –Serous membranes (protection/reduce friction for organs) –Mucous membrane (line body surfaces opening directly to the exterior– such as the esophagus; mucus secretion) Connective Tissue Membrane (no epithelium)Connective Tissue Membrane (no epithelium) –Smooth & slick, secrete synovial fluid –Reduce friction b/w opposing bones, line bursa sacs

4. SEROUS MEMBRANES Two Layers:Two Layers: –Visceral: covers the surface of the organ –Parietal: lines the walls of the body cavity Thoracic Cavity=PleuraThoracic Cavity=Pleura Abdominal Cavity=PeritoneumAbdominal Cavity=Peritoneum –Describe the following: Visceral pleura, parietal pleuraVisceral pleura, parietal pleura Visceral peritoneum, parietal peritoneumVisceral peritoneum, parietal peritoneum –What is pleurisy? What is peritonitis?

5. SKIN FUNCTIONSFUNCTIONS –Protection against microbes, UV rays, harmful chemicals, cuts & tears –Temperature regulations –Sense organ activity: touch, pressure, pain, temperature –Metabolic functions: synthesis of vitamin D

6. Skin: Structure Two Layers:Two Layers: –Epidermis outermost & thinnestoutermost & thinnest cells are very tightly packedcells are very tightly packed –Dermis deep & thickdeep & thick primarily connective tissueprimarily connective tissue loosely packedloosely packed Hypodermis (adipose tissue)Hypodermis (adipose tissue) –Deep to the skin/dermis –Layer of insulation

7. Epidermis Stratum corneumStratum corneum –Dry, dead, keratin filled cells Statum germinativum/basaleStatum germinativum/basale –Cells undergoing mitosis, move up

8. Epidermis Specialized cells within epidermis:Specialized cells within epidermis: –Melanocytes Melanin: pigment, inc. w/sun (protection)Melanin: pigment, inc. w/sun (protection) –Keratinocytes Keratin: tough, waterproof material; abrasion resistance for cellsKeratin: tough, waterproof material; abrasion resistance for cells –Langerhans cells Immune response against microbes invading the skinImmune response against microbes invading the skin

10. Dermis Collagen, elastin fibers– scatteredCollagen, elastin fibers– scattered

11. Dermal-epidermal junction Dermal papillae: parallel rows of peg-like projectionsDermal papillae: parallel rows of peg-like projections –Unique to each individual=Fingerprints

12. Dermis Specialized structures:Specialized structures: –Hair follicle: cells of the epidermis extend into the dermis forming a small tube –Hair bulb: base of the follicle –Hair papilla: cluster of cells (live); nourished by BV’s –Root: part of hair hidden in follicle –Shaft: visible part of hair

15. Dermis Specialized Structures (continued)Specialized Structures (continued) –Arrector pili: tiny, smooth muscle attached to base of dermal papillae & side of hair follicel Contracts: pulls on both simultaneously>>goosebumpsContracts: pulls on both simultaneously>>goosebumps

16. Specialized Structures of the Dermis Sebaceous GlandsSebaceous Glands –Secrete oil (sebum) for hair/skin –Ducts open into hair follicles –Accumulated sebum enlarges ducts>>white heads –Darkened sebum>>black head

18. Specialized Structures of Dermis Sudoriferous GlandsSudoriferous Glands –Eccrine Glands WidespreadWidespread Watery FluidWatery Fluid –Apocrine Glands Armpits/GenitalsArmpits/Genitals Thick/milky fluidThick/milky fluid

20. Pacinian Corpuscle: deep in the dermis; detects pressure

21. Close to the surface; light touch

22. Krause’s end bulb: touch/ low frequency vibration; cold

25. Thin Light Skin

26. Thick Light Skin

28. First Degree Burn: Epidermis only

29. First Degree Burn

32. Second Degree Burn: Epidermis and upper layers of the dermis

33. Second Degree Burn

36. Third Degree Burn: Complete destruction of the epidermis & dermis

37. Third Degree Burn

38. Third Degree Burns

39. Third Degree

40. Regeneration

41. Regeneration/Scarring

44. Skin graft donor site: about halfway through the initial healing stage

45. Papule Firm, raised lesion (less than 1cm in diameter)Firm, raised lesion (less than 1cm in diameter)

46. Papule

47. Plaque Large, raised lesion (greater than 1 cm in diameter)Large, raised lesion (greater than 1 cm in diameter)

48. Plaque

49. Vesicle Thin-walled blister filled w/ fluid, <1cmThin-walled blister filled w/ fluid, <1cm

50. Vesicle

51. Pustule Elevated lesion filled w/ pusElevated lesion filled w/ pus

52. Pustule

53. Crust Scab, area w/ dried blood or exudateScab, area w/ dried blood or exudate

55. Wheal Firm, raised area of irregular shape/light centerFirm, raised area of irregular shape/light center

56. Wheal

57. Macule Distinguished from surrounding skin by colorDistinguished from surrounding skin by color

58. Macule

59. Excoriation Epidermis is missing, dermis is exposedEpidermis is missing, dermis is exposed

60. Excoriation

61. Ulcer Craterlike lesion caused by disintegration of the skinCraterlike lesion caused by disintegration of the skin

62. Ulcer

63. Bed Sore

64. Fissure Linear crack or break from epidermis to dermisLinear crack or break from epidermis to dermis

65. Fissures