1. Biotechnology 1. Analysis of Clonal DNA 2. DNA Cloning 3. Stem Cells 4. Practical Applications of DNA Technology

2. DNA Cloning Recombinant DNA Major tool-restriction enzymes; discovered in late 1960’s, cut DNA at restriction site, highly specific, manufactured by bacteria Cloning vector-carrier for moving DNA into a cell http://www.wehi.edu.au/education/wehitv/rest riction_enzyme_ecor1/ http://www.wehi.edu.au/education/wehitv/rest riction_enzyme_ecor1/

3. Procedure for cloning a eukaryotic gene in a bacterial plasmid

4. How to get a eukaryotic gene to function in a prokaryote Basic problem: introns!! Solution: production of cDNA (artificially produced DNA that is made by using reverse transcriptase on a mRNA)

5. DNA Libraries DNA can be cut with restriction enzymes and inserted into plasmids, inserted into bacteria, and stored; whole genome is maintained cDNA libraries eliminate everything except the genes

6. PCR-polymerase chain reaction Rapid amplification of a piece of DNA Billions of copies in a few hours Used by CSI, Jurassic Park? Prenatal diagnosis

8. Gel Electrophoresis Produces DNA “fingerprints” Separates RFLP’s by using an electrical field Can be used to identify some genetic diseases Presence of a particular gene Used as genetic markers

11. Other Technologies Hybridization Human Genome Project Physical mapping Sequencing DNA Genome Analysis (DNA sequences, gene expression, and gene function)

12. Cloning Plants

13. Cloning Animals-nuclear transplantation

14. Stem Cells Unspecialized cell that can reproduce and differentiate Types of stem cells Embryonic stem cells from blastula Adult stem cells

15. Practical Applications of DNA Technology Disease diagnosis Gene Therapy Pharmaceutical products Forensic uses Environmental applications Agricultural applications

16. iRNA

33. Videos and Websites http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/sciencenow/0302/04. html http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/sciencenow/0302/04. html http://www.geneticorigins.org/mito/mitoframeset.htm http://genomics.energy.gov/ http://www.dnalc.org/ddnalc/resources/cycseq.html http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/ content/pcr.html http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/ content/pcr.html http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/ content/plasmidcloning.html http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/ content/plasmidcloning.html http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Genbank/index.html

34. Websites and Videos http://www.actionbioscience.org/biotech/peco rino2.html http://www.actionbioscience.org/biotech/peco rino2.html http://www.dnai.org/index.htm http://people.ibest.uidaho.edu/~etop/vgp/inde x.html http://people.ibest.uidaho.edu/~etop/vgp/inde x.html http://www.dnalc.org/resources/animations/re striction.html http://www.dnalc.org/resources/animations/re striction.html http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/dna/animat ions.html http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/dna/animat ions.html