2. GENETIC RECOMBINATION By Dr. Nessrin Ghazi AL-Abdallat Lecturer of Microbiology

3.  A method to isolate genes coding for certain proteins and join them together to form new combinations.  Also called:  Gene cloning.  Recombinant DNA technology.  Genetic engineering. Definition

4.  Separation of the required gene by restriction endonuclease enzyme.  Cutting of the cloning vector (like plasmid) by the same restriction enzyme.  Adding the gene to the cloning vector in the presence of ligase enzyme. This is called recombination.  Introduction of the gene-vector complex into the host cell by transformation.  Inside the host cell like E. coli or yeast cell, the gene will replicate with the plasmid producing so many copies. Summary

5.  These are enzymes derived from bacteria or fungi that can recognize and cut DNA molecules at specific sites (specific base sequence).  They are named according to the their source. For example: EcoRI enzyme is derived from E. coli and recognize the sequence GAATTC Restriction endonuclease enzymes

6.  These are carriers used to carry and introduce specific genes into the host cells.  They are either: 1)Plasmids. 2)Bacteriophages. 3)Cosmids: circular DNA molecules constructed from plasmid DNA + phage DNA. It can carry larger genes that can not be carried by plasmid or bacteriophage. Molecular cloning vectors

7. Gene cloning

8. Insulin production by gene cloning

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