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Published byKristopher Dalton Modified over 9 years ago
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Personality 3/28/11
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What is personality? Dictionary: One’s character impression on others Embodiment of a collection of qualities Personal identity, existence as a self-conscious human being The essential character of a person Psychology: The characteristic thoughts, emotional responses, and behaviors that are relatively stable in an individual over time and across circumstances
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How have psychologists studied personality? From the psychodynamic perspective From the humanistic or person-centered perspective From a perspective that emphasizes types or traits From a perspective that emphasizes learning and cognition
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Humanistic Approaches Emphasize personal experience and belief systems; people seek personal growth to fulfill human potential Positive psychology: new area that focuses on study of positive traits, characteristics, and happiness Example: Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
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Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
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Type approaches to personality Based on the assumption that certain personality characteristics go together Personality types: Discrete categories based on global personality characteristics Examples: Introverts vs. extroverts, jocks, nerds, etc. Implicit personality theory: Our tendency to assume that certain characteristics go together and to therefore make predictions about people based on minimal evidence
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Trait approaches to personality Emphasize individual traits and how those traits endure over time and across situations Emphasize that traits exist on a continuum, most people near the middle, few people on the extremes Trait theories have evolved over time Number of traits can range from 5 to 18,000 Five-factor theory = most prominent current theory
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Five-factor theory The idea that personality can be described using five factors (“The Big Five”):
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