2. Every living thing needs energy in order to survive. Every time animals do something (run, jump, move) they use energy to do so. Plants don’t move, so they use energy for growth.

3. Animals get energy from the food they eat, and all living things get energy from food. Plants use sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to get energy (in a process called (Photosynthesis).

4. Energy is necessary for living beings to grow. A food chain shows how each living thing gets food, and how nutrients and energy are passed from one organism to another. Food chains begin with plant- life(autotrophs/producers), and then energy is transferred to (heterotrophs/consumers).

5. Decomposers recycle and break-down the remaining matter after producers and consumers die. Fungi Bacteria Protists

6. A simple food chain could start with grass, which is eaten by rabbits. Then the rabbits are eaten by foxes. Arrows show energy transfer.

7. Example of a Food Chain

8. *IMPORTANT: Arrows to NOT show ‘what’ eats ‘what’ but ENERGY TRANSFER!!!

9. Are interconnected group of food chains. They show many feeding interactions among organisms in an ecosystem.

10. Food chains show how energy moves through an ecosystem

11. From your reading, how much energy is transferred between each organism?

12. Only 10% of energy is transferred to one organism to the next in a food chain (from one level to another) What do you think happened/happens to the 90% of the energy that was lost?

15. How do you calculate 10% of a number? Multiply the number by 0.1

16. Activity Label cup 1 ''first-level consumer," cup 2 ''second-level consumer," and cup 3 ''third-level consumer." The large cup filled with 100 ml of water represents the producer. For this activity we will assume that the producer possesses 100 units of energy. A first-level consumer eats the producer and absorbs only 10 percent of its energy. Use the graduated cylinder to pour 10ml of the producer's water into cup 1. The second-level consumer eats the first-level consumer and gets only 10 percent of its energy. Use the graduated cylinder to pour 1 ml of water from cup 1 into cup 2. The third-level consumer eats the second-level consumer and gets only 10 percent of its energy. Use the medicine dropper to transfer 0.1 ml of water from cup 2 into cup 3. Follow-Up Questions 1) If the food chain had continued to the next level, what percentage of energy would the fourth-level consumer have received from the third-level consumer? 2) How much water would you have transferred into the fourth-level consumer's cup? 3) Judging from this activity, why do you think most food chains never go higher than second- or third-level consumers?