1. Epithelial Cells of the Small Intestine
(as seen with an LIGHT/OPTICAL microscope)
Cell Membrane (or plasma membrane)
Nucleus
Cytoplasm

2. microvilli

3. Add this note to your diag: Microvilli on a Small Intestine Epithelial Cell are
only shown using an Electron Microscope. Microvilli are finger-like projections
of the epithelial cell
that increase its
surface area to
allow more efficient
absorption of food
molecules.

4. Cell Ultrastructure

5. Cell Organelles

6. Nucleus Contains DNA and RNA.
Largest organelle. Bound by a double membrane with nuclear pores.
DNA is arranged in chromosomes with genes responsible for control of cell division and protein synthesis.
Pores allow mRNA to leave nucleus.

7. Nucleus

8. Cell Membrane
Fluid mosaic structure. Consists of a phospholipid bilayer interspersed with proteins.
Main function is to control the passage of substances into and out of cell.

9. Cell Membrane
See also fig 1 on textbook p53

10. Cytoplasm
The term cytoplasm refers to everything between the cell membrane and the nuclear envelope (nuclear membrane). Cytoplasm consists primarily of water. It also contains various organelles as well as salts, dissolved gasses and nutrients.
Many reactions occur here including aspects of Photosynthesis and Respiration.

11. Cytoplasm

12. Site of Aerobic Respiration. Provides the cell with ATP.
Mitochondria
Organelle with a double membrane.
Surrounded by a ‘sausage shaped’ outer membrane.
The inner membrane is highly folded into cristae.
Site of Aerobic Respiration.
Provides the cell with ATP.

13. Mitochondria

14. Mitochondria
The site of aerobic respiration, responsible for producing most of ATP in a cell
Bound by a double membrane
Inner membrane highly folded to form cristae.

16. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
RER = Series of thin intricate hollow channels (or tubes). Folds of membrane which are continuous with the nuclear membrane.
Has a large surface area for attachment of ribosomes.
Function = Collection and transport of proteins throughout the cell.

17. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

18. Ribosomes Very small organelles, about 20nm in diameter.
Some are found free in the cytoplasm and others are bound onto Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER).
Function of ribosomes = Synthesize proteins (assemble proteins from amino acids).

19. Ribosomes

20. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
SER. Series of thin intricate hollow channels. Folds of membrane which are continuous with the nuclear membrane.
Synthesize Lipids and Steroids.

21. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

22. Golgi Body Golgi Body (or Golgi Apparatus).
Network of flattened membrane bound sacs. (can look like a pile of mini saucers inside a cell!)
Receives protein from the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) and prepares/modifies them for secretion by the cell. (e.g. Glycoproteins like mucus e.g. Enzymes).

23. Golgi Body

24. Golgi Body How Golgi body works
Stack of membrane-bound, flattened sacs in the cytoplasm.
Sacs are fluid-filled and can pinch off to form vesicles.

26. Lysosomes Spherical, membrane bound Contain enzymes
How Lysosomes Work
Spherical, membrane bound
Contain enzymes
Digest harmful material and worn out cell parts.
Can release enzymes outside the cell (exocytosis)

27. Microvilli Tiny finger-like projections on membranes of certain cells.
Increase surface area for absorption
Collectively form a brush border

28. Animal Cell Ultrastructure as Seen with an Electron Microscope
Lysosome
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Mitochondrion
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Nuclear Membrane
Nucleolus
Cell Membrane
Vesicle forming
Golgi Body /Apparatus
centriole
Vesicle

29. Animal Cell Ultrastructure as Seen with an Electron Microscope
Lysosome
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Mitochondrion
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Nuclear Membrane
Nucleolus
Cell Membrane
Vesicle forming
Golgi Body /Apparatus
centriole
Vesicle

30. Independent work Finish Cell labels and notes on HB p6
Do the Quiz HB p7
Read p43-49 textbook & answer Q1,3,4 from peach box on p49.
Mark magnification calcs (MS will be sent on this week)
REVISE ALL AS BIOL WORK SO FAR FOR IMPORTANT TEST 2ND DOUBLE LESSON NEXT WEEK.