1. Ancient Egypt

2. Government/Social Structure

3. Government Pharaoh(God-King): absolute ruler
Vizier: chief administrator and advisor
Dynasty: One family passes down the right to rule

4. Important Pharaohs Cleopatra VII: Last Pharaoh of Egypt
(Ended 30 BC)
Menes: 1st pharaoh; United upper and lower Egypt
(flourished c. 2925 bce)
Ramses: He reigned for more than 66 years, and had about 200 wives, 100 sons, and 60 daughters.
Ramses II: reigned for 66 years; built the Egyptian Empire

5. Art and Architecture Belief in the afterlife demanded:
Bodies be interred whole
Material goods for use in afterlife be present

6. Egyptian Artwork Stela (carved stone)
Notice, all people drawn from the side – even when looking right at you!

7. Writing
Hieroglyphics

8. Technology

9. Religion Polytheistic
interaction with the natural environment shows interrelated gods and goddesses yearly rebirth of Nile and daily rebirth of sun
- over 2000 gods

10. Horus Horus, god of balance and harmony
maintained the natural order: the flow of the Nile and the fertility of the soil.

11. Osiris God of the Dead - “rebirth” - and the weighing of the heart
Evolution of Egyptian mythology
known as a ruler in the Nile delta -
a local god
regional god.

12. Mummies Not known when it started in Egypt
Perfected by time of New Kingdom
How to make a mummy: 70 steps
1) Removal of the brain through the nostrils 2) Removal of the intestines through an incision in the side 3) Sterilization of the body and intestines 4) Treating, cleaning, dehydrating the intestines 5) Packing the body with natron (a natural dehydrating agent) and leaving for 40 days 6) Removal of the natron agent 7) Packing the limbs with clay or sand 8) Packing the body with linen (soaked in resin), myrrh and cinnamon 9) Treating the body with ointments and finally wrapping with a fine linen gauze, not less than 1000 square yards .

13. Why were the Egyptians so into pyramids and mummies?
The Egyptians were obsessed with the cult of the dead.
They had elaborate death rituals and gods.
To protect the dead in the afterlife and to prevent robbers from desecrating tombs, the Egyptians hid their burials and placed curses to warn off violators.

14. Canopic Jars made of alabaster for storage of heart, stomach, intestines and liver which were also treated

15. Mummy
Inner coffin

16. Second inner coffin lid

17. King Tut

18. How it all began…
“Death shall come on swift wings to him that toucheth the tomb of Pharaoh.”
These are the words written across the seal of King Tut’s tomb in Egypt. When this tomb was disturbed for the first time in 3400 years by the English Egyptologist Howard Carter in November of 1922, newspapers around the world announced the discovery.

19. Wait, who was King Tut anyway?
Tutankhamun was an Egyptian king that is more famous for his death than for his life.
Tut began ruling when he was 8 years old, and died when he was 18.
Very few written documents on Tut survive and not very much is known of his life.
Most experts agree Tut died a violent death, but they don’t know for sure if he was murdered.
Tut is most famous because his spectacular tomb was discovered, almost intact and filled with treasures, by Howard Carter in 1922.

20. Here are some of those treasures! Nice, aren’t they?

21. Who were Howard Carter and Lord Carnarvon?
Lord Carnarvon was a very wealthy man who paid Howard Carter to search for the tomb of King Tut in Egypt.
Howard Carter searched for the tomb for five years.
Their find became the most famous archaeological discovery of all time.