1. 2.3 Tools for Knowledge Synthesis – Modelling Gabriele Bammer

2. Q3 How? 2 Dialogue-based Model-, product-, vision-based Common metrics -based Reduction Banishment Acceptance Exploitation Surrender Denial Communication Advocacy Engagement Fresh thinking Importance of critique ie not uncritical handmaide ns

3. Product, model or vision-based Focus on modelling 3

4. The Relationship between Systems and Models 4 Jen Badham

5. Models are useful for all three domains of I2S 5

6. Models and Knowledge Synthesis Design process integrates knowledge –Expert input about function –Stakeholder input about relationships –Design encapsulates shared understanding

7. Models and Unknowns Conceptual models: can be used to discuss what is or is not known Mathematical models: sensitivity –Run simulations with different inputs –Identify which inputs have large impact Prioritise research to improve estimates –Identify regions with different results

8. Models and Policy/Practice Support Scenarios –Cheap –Quick to run (not necessarily quick to build) –Reversible Decision support –Presentation of multiple options –Explicit trade-offs

9. Compilation of modelling methods Five groupings: 1.Static diagrams 2.Dynamic subsystems 3.Dynamic individuals Target system 4. Scenarios – outcome 5. Statistical 9

10. Static diagrams Concept mapping Soft systems methodology Lean systems Social network analysis strong dialogue components 10

11. Static diagrams… Concept map 11

12. Static diagrams… Soft systems rich picture 12

13. Static diagrams… Lean system 13

14. Static diagrams… Social network 14

15. Dynamic subsystems Causal loop diagrams System dynamics 15

16. Dynamic subsystems… Causal loop diagrams 16

17. Dynamic subsystems… System dynamics models 17

18. Dynamic individuals Five groupings: 1.Static diagrams 2.Dynamic subsystems 3. Dynamic individuals State transition Discrete event simulation Agent based 18

19. Main Points No way to get complete view of problem Different systems view highlight different elements and relationships Models help get handles on systems views 19

20. Also note Few compilations No agreed classification 20

21. Compilation of modelling methods… 1 Five groupings: 1.Static diagrams 2.Dynamic subsystems 3.Dynamic individuals Target system 4. Scenarios – outcome 5. Statistical 21

22. Key issues about scenarios… 1 Can be dialogue-based or modelling-based Can use various modelling methods Connect research to policy and practice change: –Cheap –Quick to run (not necessarily quick to build) –Reversible 22

23. Key issues about scenarios… 2 Plausibility: Models capture the relationships between different parts of the system, which guarantees that an assumed change to one element has a realistic impact on the rest of the system 23

24. Exercise Which kinds of models are being used in the group? Could models be helpful for some cases? 24