2. Human Impact on Ecosystems Algae Waste- water Bio- magnific ation Nitrogen cycle Air PollutionExotic Species 100 200 300 400 500 All the marbles

3. Algae 100 100 What is the trophic level of Algae? -producer

4. Algae 200 200 How do algae and bacteria clean water? -bacteria breaks waste and dead things into nutrients - Algae absorbs nutrients and grows.

5. Algae 300 300 How does algae support food webs (two ways)? -makes oxygen -base of food web (things eat it)

6. Algae 400 400 What are some human activities that trigger a change in the eutrophication cycle. -Activities that add nutrients to surface water (fertilizer, farm waste, golf courses).

7. Algae 500 500 When human trigger an algae bloom, what happens next? Bloom! Too much dead algae! Aerobic bacteria uses all O 2 Fish other organisms die (no O 2 ) Anaerobic bacteria makes water toxic!

8. Wastewater 100 100 Stage I Aeration and Mixing: -O 2 mixed in to keep Aerobic bacteria -Eating the waste/ solids suspended

9. Wastewater 200 200 Stage II Aeration and Settling: - O 2 mixed in for bacteria to eat waste Surface mixed so solids drop out Solids dried/landfilled

10. Wastewater 300 300 Stage III Lagoon What’s left to clean? - UV kills pathogens - Bacteria still active - solids settle Nutrients are left to clean out!

11. Wastewater 400 400 Stage IV Farming: - plants take out nutrients - soil traps solids - bacteria eats solids Water collected by drain pipes/sent to Muskegon River

12. Wastewater 500 500 What happens if we don’t treat wastewater? - cultural eutrophication - human health problems - ecosystem destruction

13. Biomagnification 100 100 The type of chemicals that build up in food webs. Give an example. - fat soluble chemicals - DDT/PCB/heavy metals

14. Biomagnification 200 200 Fish are an important part of our diet. Why? - omega 3 fatty acids (proper brain development)

15. Biomagnification 300 300 Chemicals enter the aquatic food web through _________________. - Phytoplankton (producers) as they filter water.

16. Biomagnification 400 400 What level of the food chain has the highest chemicals and related problems? - top organisms (birds of prey/humans)

17. Biomagnification 500 500 Explain how biomagnification works. -chemicals enter the food chain and build up. Every time an organism eats, all of the chemicals stay in the organism. Toxicity increases over time and up the chain.

18. Biogeochemical cycles 100 100 Define biogeochemical cycle and give an example. - chemicals that cycle through soil, water, air and life. Ex: Nitrogen, phosphorus, Carbon, etc.

19. Biogeochemical cycle 200 200 The most complex form of nitrogen. - protein in tissues of organisms (N- based)

20. Biogeochemical cycles 300 300 The “fixed” form of nitrogen that functions a fertilizer. - Nitrate (NO 3 )

21. Biogeochemical cycles 400 400 The form of nitrogen that is waste/toxic. - Ammonia (NH 3 )

22. Biogeochemical cycles 500 500 The high protein plant that has nitrogen “Fixed” in roots. Explain the symbiotic relationship. - bacteria convert N 2 to NO 3 so unlimited fertilizer (protein for plant) - bacteria gets sugar from plant

23. Exotics 100 100 The percentage of exotics that cause problems and why? - 10% b/c they overpopulate (no predator/parasite/disease).

24. Exotics 200 200 Great Lakes exotics got here by ___________________. - ship ballast water

25. Exotics 300 300 Zebra mussels are pushing out native clams b/c… - they share a niche and Zebra’s lack a predator.

26. Exotics 400 400 Exotic plants out compete and replace food plants. Give two examples/explain. - purple loosestrife – chokes good plants. - Garlic mustard – uses chemicals in soil to drive out other species.

27. Exotics 500 500 In the Great Lakes, the ecosystem is being disrupted. What part has taken the biggest hit and why is it important? - Plankton /zooplankton is eaten by all fish when they are young. It has been affected by zebra mussels and the exotic plankton. Asian carp could end it

28. Air Pollution 100 100 The Greenhouse Effect is natural and supports life on the planet. If we are causing a temperature increase, then it is called _________________. - Global Warming

29. Air Pollution 200 200 What are four of the greenhouse gases? How do they function? - CO 2, H 2 O vapor, CH 4, O 3. - Radiation is converted to heat by vibrations of bonds of gases.

30. Air Pollution 300 300 What greenhouse gas absorbs the harmful UV radiation? What human- produced groups of chemicals are destroying it? - O 3 (ozone) - CFC’s (Chlorofluorocarbons)

31. Air Pollution 400 400 Which human activities causes acid rain? What is the mechanism and definition of acid rain? -Burning fossil fuels (coal power, gas cars). -N and S oxides (impurities in coal) Rain w/ pH <5

32. Air Pollution 500 500 What are the processes that are part of the Carbon Cycle? - Respiration, photosynthesis, combustion, decomposition, etc.