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Comparative Anatomy Circulation Putting all cells in contact with the surrounding environment!

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Presentation on theme: "Comparative Anatomy Circulation Putting all cells in contact with the surrounding environment!"— Presentation transcript:

1 Comparative Anatomy Circulation Putting all cells in contact with the surrounding environment!

2 Circulation Organisms of small number of cells DO NOT need circulation structures ALL cells are in contact with environment for food, gases, and waste removal

3 Organisms of Large Number of Cells need circulation structures due to not all cells being in contact with the environment Substances made/collected in one part of the organism are needed in another part. Transportation Structures are needed.

4 Protozoa No Circulation Structures Only one cell All cells in contact with the environment

5 Hydra No circulatory structures 2-cells thick All cells in contact with the Environment

6 Planaria No circulation structures Yes, multi-celled, but the organism is flat. All cells are in contact with environment

7 Earthworm Closed Circulatory System 5 pairs of “hearts” Dorsal blood vessel (along back) - to head Ventral blood vessel (along belly) - to tail Branches off at each segment and connects both top/bottom vessels.

8 Grasshopper Open Circulation System “Heart” Dorsal Blood Vessel trickles through the spaces between cells (no blood vessels) Returns back to heart.

9 Human Closed Circulation 4-chambered Heart Right - to Lungs Left - to Body Pathway: Body, Rt. Atrium, Rt. Ventricle, Lungs, Lt. Atrium, Lt. Ventricle, Aorta, Body

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12 Arteries AWAY from heart carry oxygen-rich blood thick, elastic walls to handle pressure allow to expand under pressure

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14 Capillaries smallest of blood vessels allow one blood cell through at a time material exchange occurs here. Unites arteries with veins. BP drops

15 Veins TOWARDS Heart collect blood after pass through capillaries. Thin walled, less elastic one-way valves near Skeletal Muscles help pump blood back to heart. Exercise is important

16 Blood Pressure Body sensors too low - surrounding smooth muscles contract too high - surrounding smooth muscles relax Kidneys too high - remove water too low - re-absorb more water

17 Blood 4-6 liters of blood 45% of Blood Red Blood Cells (RBC) White Blood Cells (WBC) Platelets 55% Plasms

18 Red Blood Cells Hemoglobin Iron containing protein that increases the blood’s ability to carry oxygen Produced in Bone Marrow No Nucleus Life span 120 days Replace 1% each day

19 White Blood Cells Do not contain hemoglobin Made in bone marrow Have nuclei (long life - many months / years) Immunity Function destroy foreign invaders (bacteria, virus, parasites, etc.)

20 Platelets Blood Clotting proteins reach cut, become “sticky” and clump together - clot forms


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