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Published byAndra Jefferson Modified over 9 years ago
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Comparative Anatomy Circulation Putting all cells in contact with the surrounding environment!
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Circulation Organisms of small number of cells DO NOT need circulation structures ALL cells are in contact with environment for food, gases, and waste removal
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Organisms of Large Number of Cells need circulation structures due to not all cells being in contact with the environment Substances made/collected in one part of the organism are needed in another part. Transportation Structures are needed.
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Protozoa No Circulation Structures Only one cell All cells in contact with the environment
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Hydra No circulatory structures 2-cells thick All cells in contact with the Environment
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Planaria No circulation structures Yes, multi-celled, but the organism is flat. All cells are in contact with environment
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Earthworm Closed Circulatory System 5 pairs of “hearts” Dorsal blood vessel (along back) - to head Ventral blood vessel (along belly) - to tail Branches off at each segment and connects both top/bottom vessels.
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Grasshopper Open Circulation System “Heart” Dorsal Blood Vessel trickles through the spaces between cells (no blood vessels) Returns back to heart.
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Human Closed Circulation 4-chambered Heart Right - to Lungs Left - to Body Pathway: Body, Rt. Atrium, Rt. Ventricle, Lungs, Lt. Atrium, Lt. Ventricle, Aorta, Body
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Arteries AWAY from heart carry oxygen-rich blood thick, elastic walls to handle pressure allow to expand under pressure
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Capillaries smallest of blood vessels allow one blood cell through at a time material exchange occurs here. Unites arteries with veins. BP drops
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Veins TOWARDS Heart collect blood after pass through capillaries. Thin walled, less elastic one-way valves near Skeletal Muscles help pump blood back to heart. Exercise is important
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Blood Pressure Body sensors too low - surrounding smooth muscles contract too high - surrounding smooth muscles relax Kidneys too high - remove water too low - re-absorb more water
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Blood 4-6 liters of blood 45% of Blood Red Blood Cells (RBC) White Blood Cells (WBC) Platelets 55% Plasms
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Red Blood Cells Hemoglobin Iron containing protein that increases the blood’s ability to carry oxygen Produced in Bone Marrow No Nucleus Life span 120 days Replace 1% each day
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White Blood Cells Do not contain hemoglobin Made in bone marrow Have nuclei (long life - many months / years) Immunity Function destroy foreign invaders (bacteria, virus, parasites, etc.)
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Platelets Blood Clotting proteins reach cut, become “sticky” and clump together - clot forms
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