1. By Dominic Lanni

2. Part One

3. Introduction  What are biosensors?  A device that uses a living organism or biological molecule to detect things  Usually chemicals, heavy metals, pathogens

4. Famous Person  Pioneer of technology is Anthony P. F. Turner  Introduced screen- printing techniques  Developed blood- glucose sensors for diabetics

5. Types of Biosensors  Can be Electrochemical (Amperometry) Electrical (Conductivity) Optical (Fluorescence) Mass Sensitive (Piezoelectric frequency) Thermal (Heat of reaction/adsorption)

6. Part Two

7. Purpose  Dysentery-not fun (duh)  Caused by an amoeba or a bacterium called Shigella  No vaccine available (although there are treatments)  Proposal: a Mass-Sensitive Biosensor Will detect bacteria in water

8. Competing Technologies  Conventional bacterial cultures  Immunological methods  Molecular microbiological methods

9. The Design  Mass-sensitive Utilizes piezoelectric quartz crystal  DNA probe attached to crystal  Water sample put through DNA isolation process, and heated to denature strands PCR may also be performed

10. The Design  DNA is pipetted in, and heated to 50 degrees Celsius  Strands anneal to probe, increasing mass of crystal  Change in mass creates change in frequency  Change in frequency signals presence of Shigella

11. Expected Results  If the frequency emitted by the crystal changes, then DNA has bound to probe  If DNA binds to probe, then Shigella bacteria are present in water sample  Knowledge of contamination prevents spreading and contraction of dysentery

12. Advantages  No lack of supplies, as in bacterial cultures  Can be extremely fast  Crystals are cheap

13. Potential Problems  Could be difficult to assemble on a large scale  PCR would slow down process if necessary for success  Portable power source for whole system necessary, as finding an outlet may be difficult  Crystals can degrade in quality over time

14. Testing  Tests to determine how accurate device is  Tests to determine if PCR is necessary or not  Environmental tests to determine hardiness of device and crystals

15. Hope you learned something. I don’t care what. Anything is great.

16. Too many links  Links  http://www.news-medical.net/health/Biosensors-What-are-Biosensors.aspx http://www.news-medical.net/health/Biosensors-What-are-Biosensors.aspx  http://amlett.com/uploads/12706.pdf http://amlett.com/uploads/12706.pdf  http://www.rsc.org/ScienceAndTechnology/Awards/TheophilusRedwoodAward/2011winner.asp http://www.rsc.org/ScienceAndTechnology/Awards/TheophilusRedwoodAward/2011winner.asp  http://nanohub.org/resources/2261/download/ http://nanohub.org/resources/2261/download/  http://www.tms.org/pubs/journals/JOM/0010/Kumar/Kumar-0010.html http://www.tms.org/pubs/journals/JOM/0010/Kumar/Kumar-0010.html  http://www.pitt.edu/~super4/36011-37001/36421.ppt http://www.pitt.edu/~super4/36011-37001/36421.ppt  http://www.eng.umd.edu/~nsw/enpm808b/fu-yl.ppt http://www.eng.umd.edu/~nsw/enpm808b/fu-yl.ppt  http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piezoelectricity http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piezoelectricity  http://www.infoplease.com/cig/dangerous-diseases-epidemics/epidemicdysentery.html http://www.infoplease.com/cig/dangerous-diseases-epidemics/epidemicdysentery.html  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/16954064/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/16954064/  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amperometry http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amperometry  http://www.lsbu.ac.uk/water/enztech/biosensors.html http://www.lsbu.ac.uk/water/enztech/biosensors.html  http://www.ifm.liu.se/applphys/biosensors-and-bioelectro/group-members/anthony-turner/ http://www.ifm.liu.se/applphys/biosensors-and-bioelectro/group-members/anthony-turner/  http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/9/4/3122 http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/9/4/3122  http://www.merakoh.com/soarblog/?p=4080 http://www.merakoh.com/soarblog/?p=4080  http://wineserver.ucdavis.edu/content.php?category=Research&id=367 http://wineserver.ucdavis.edu/content.php?category=Research&id=367  http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S095656630900325X http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S095656630900325X  http://www.testamenttrumps.com/home/no-sign/ http://www.testamenttrumps.com/home/no-sign/  http://weknowmemes.com/2013/06/macklemore-explains-why-kids-are-obese-meme/ http://weknowmemes.com/2013/06/macklemore-explains-why-kids-are-obese-meme/  http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:German_power_strip.JPG http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:German_power_strip.JPG  http://nooooooooooooooo.com/ http://nooooooooooooooo.com/  http://www.dreamstime.com/illustration/plug.html http://www.dreamstime.com/illustration/plug.html  http://cutcaster.com/vector/901547625-Illustration-of-bullet-proof-vest/ http://cutcaster.com/vector/901547625-Illustration-of-bullet-proof-vest/  http://webtrends.about.com/od/profile1/tp/Rage-Faces-Internet-Meme-Faces-And-Funny-Memes.htm http://webtrends.about.com/od/profile1/tp/Rage-Faces-Internet-Meme-Faces-And-Funny-Memes.htm