2. Regents Biology 2006-2007

3. Regents Biology 2006-2007 Photosynthesis: Life from Light and Air

4. Regents Biology Plants are energy producers  Like animals, plants need energy to live  unlike animals, plants don’t need to eat food to make that energy  Plants make both FOOD & ENERGY  animals are heterotrophs (consumers )  plants are autotrophs (producers)

5. Regents Biology How do plants make energy & food?  Plants use the energy from the sun  to make ATP energy  to make sugars  glucose, sucrose, cellulose, starch, & more sun ATP sugars

6. Regents Biology H2OH2O Building plants from sunlight & air  Photosynthesis  2 separate processes  ENERGY building reactions  collect sun energy  use it to make ATP  SUGAR building reactions  take the ATP energy  collect CO 2 from air & H 2 O from ground  use all to build sugars ATP sun sugars + carbon dioxide CO 2 sugars C 6 H 12 O 6 CO 2 water H 2 O +

7. Regents Biology Using light & air to grow plants 6CO 2 6H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 6O 2 sun energy  +++  glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide sun energy + water + (ATP) = used to build the sugar  Photosynthesis  using sun’s energy to make ATP  using CO 2 & water to make sugar  in chloroplasts  allows plants to grow  makes a waste product  oxygen (O 2 )

8. Regents Biology What do plants need to grow?  The “factory” for making energy & sugars  chloroplast  Fuels  sunlight  carbon dioxide  water  The Helpers  enzymes H2OH2O sugars ATP Make ATP! Make sugar! I can do it all… And no one even notices! enzymes CO 2 sun

9. Regents Biology H2OH2O Photosynthesis ENERGY building reactions SUGAR building reactions ATP ADP CO 2 sugar sun used immediately to synthesize sugars

10. Regents Biology Chloroplasts are only in plants animal cells plant cells

11. Regents Biology Chloroplasts Chloroplasts in cell Leaf Leaves Chloroplast absorb sunlight & CO 2 make ENERGY & SUGAR Chloroplasts contain Chlorophyll CO 2 Chloroplast sun

12. Regents Biology  Bring In  light  CO 2 H2OH2O  Let Out O2O2  Move Around  sugars So what does a plant need? 6CO 2 6H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 6O 2 light energy  +++ roots shoot leaves

13. Regents Biology Leaf Structure phloem (sugar) xylem (water) stoma palisades layer spongy layer cuticle epidermis guard cells cuticle epidermis vascular bundle (vein)

14. Regents Biology  CO 2 in  O 2 out  water out  so it gets to leaves from roots Transpiration H2OH2OCO 2 O2O2 H2OH2O xylem (water) stoma guard cells O2O2

15. Regents Biology Transpiration  Water evaporates from the stomata in the leaves  pulls water up from roots  water molecules stick to each other  more water is pulled up tree from ground

16. Regents Biology Function of Leaf Structures  Cuticle  waxy coating reduces water loss  Epidermis  skin protecting leaf tissues  Palisades layer  high concentration of chloroplasts  collecting sun’s energy  photosynthesis  making ATP & sugars  Spongy layer  air spaces  gas exchange  CO 2 in for sugar production, remove waste O 2

17. Regents Biology Stomata & Guard Cells  Function of stomata  CO 2 in  O 2 out  H 2 O out  gets to leaves for photosynthesis  Function of guard cells  open & close stomata guard cell stomata

18. Regents Biology Guard cells & Homeostasis  Homeostasis  keeping the internal environment of the plant balanced  Stomata open  let CO 2 in  needed to make sugar  let H 2 O out  so it gets to leaves  let O 2 out  get rid of waste product  Stomata close  if too much H 2 O evaporating

19. Regents Biology Xylem carry water up from roots

20. Regents Biology Phloem: food-conducting cells  carry sugars around the plant wherever they are needed new leaves fruit & seeds roots

21. Regents Biology How are they connected? glucose + oxygen  carbon + water + energy dioxide C 6 H 12 O 6 6O 2 6CO 2 6H 2 OATP  +++ Respiration Photosynthesis 6CO 2 6H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 6O 2 light energy  +++  glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide sun energy + water +

22. Regents Biology H2OH2O Energy cycle Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration sun The Great Circle of Life! Mufasa? glucose sugars O2O2 CO 2 plants animals, plants ATP

23. Regents Biology H2OH2O Another view… Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration sun organic molecules food O2O2 CO 2 producers, autotrophs consumers, heterotrophs synthesis capture light energy digestion release chemical energy ATP waste

24. Regents Biology 2006-2007 Got the energy… Ask Questions!! Where does all energy on Earth come from? Photosynthesis can be divided what two stages? What are chlorophylls and carotenoids? Why do we see color?

25. Regents Biology Putting it all together  Making a living…  sunlight  leaves = solar collectors  photosynthesis  gases: CO 2 in & O 2 out  stomates = gases in & out H2OH2O  roots take in water from soil  pulled up by leaf evaporation  nutrients  roots take in from soil