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Ch. 5- Electrons and atoms (cont.). General Rules zWe have 3 general rules that we follow when determining electron configuration yAufbau Principal yPauli.

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Presentation on theme: "Ch. 5- Electrons and atoms (cont.). General Rules zWe have 3 general rules that we follow when determining electron configuration yAufbau Principal yPauli."— Presentation transcript:

1 Ch. 5- Electrons and atoms (cont.)

2 General Rules zWe have 3 general rules that we follow when determining electron configuration yAufbau Principal yPauli Exclusion Principal yHund’s Rule

3 A. General Rules zAufbau Principle yElectrons fill the lowest energy orbitals first. y“Lazy Tenant Rule”

4 A. General Rules zPauli Exclusion Principle yEach orbital can hold TWO electrons with opposite spins.

5 RIGHT WRONG A. General Rules zHund’s Rule yWithin a sublevel, place one e - per orbital before pairing them. y“Empty Bus Seat Rule”

6 O 8e - zOrbital Diagram zElectron Configuration 1s 2 2s 2 2p 4 B. Notation 1s 2s 2p

7 zShorthand Configuration S 16e - Valence Electrons Core Electrons S16e - [Ne] 3s 2 3p 4 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 4 B. Notation zLonghand Configuration

8 © 1998 by Harcourt Brace & Company s p d (n-1) f (n-2) 12345671234567 6767 C. Periodic Patterns

9 Remember the AufBau Diagram?

10 C. Periodic Patterns zPeriod # yenergy level (subtract for d & f) zA/B Group # ytotal # of valence e - zColumn within sublevel block y# of e - in sublevel

11 s-block1st Period 1s 1 1st column of s-block C. Periodic Patterns zExample - Hydrogen

12 C. Periodic Patterns zShorthand Configuration yCore e - : Go up one row and over to the Noble Gas. yValence e - : On the next row, fill in the # of e - in each sublevel.

13 [Ar]4s 2 3d 10 4p 2 C. Periodic Patterns zExample - Germanium

14 zFull energy level zFull sublevel (s, p, d, f) zHalf-full sublevel D. Stability

15 zElectron Configuration Exceptions yCopper EXPECT :[Ar] 4s 2 3d 9 ACTUALLY :[Ar] 4s 1 3d 10 yCopper gains stability with a full d-sublevel. D. Stability

16 zElectron Configuration Exceptions yChromium EXPECT :[Ar] 4s 2 3d 4 ACTUALLY :[Ar] 4s 1 3d 5 yChromium gains stability with a half-full d-sublevel. D. Stability

17 zIon Formation yAtoms gain or lose electrons to become more stable. yIsoelectronic with the Noble Gases.

18 O 2- 10e - [He] 2s 2 2p 6 D. Stability zIon Electron Configuration yWrite the e - config for the closest Noble Gas yEX: Oxygen ion  O 2-  Ne

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