1. DEFENDING & REDEFINING CH 9

2. Trail of Tears

3. Key Terms  James Madison  Non-Intercourse Act  Hartford Convention  John C. Calhoun  nullification  Daniel Webster  James Monroe / Monroe Doctrine  Henry Clay / American system  Panic of 1819  Andrew Jackson / Old Hickory  Battle of New Orleans  Petticoat Affair  Spoils system  Tecumseh  John Ross / Cherokee Nation  Chief Justice John Marshall (Ch. 10)  Oklahoma (Indian Territory)  Trail of Tears (Ch. 10)  Indian Removal Act of 1830  Sequoyah / syllabary *  Cherokee Phoenix  Five Civilized Tribes *  Treaty of New Echota (Ch. 10)  Dahlonega Gold Rush *  Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (Ch. 10)  Worchester v. Georgia (Ch. 10)

4. Questions to Consider  What issues and events led to the mass removal of Native Americans in the 1840s? What role did Andrew Jackson play in the Trail of Tears? What does his response to the removal reveal about Jackson’s vision of democracy?

5. If You’re Curious...  Find a Book