1. The kidneys and Water regulation
What is the kidneys role in the body and what can we do if they go wrong?
Starter: name all the ways in which you put water into your body today.
How can you lose water?
MAKE A CARD SORT FOR FLOW DIAGRAM FOR MAKING URINE.

2. Water in/out You lose water by You take in water by Drink Food
Respiration (glucose + oxygen  carbon dioxide + water + energy)
You lose water by
Sweating
Breathing
Faeces
Urine

3. Facts of life You are 65% water
The liquid part of your blood is plasma.
Plasma is mostly water.
It bathes (surrounds) every cell
Q: If the concentration of water in the plasma is too low what will happen?

4. What do these organisms want to do ?
Why??

5. An osmosis recap
If the plasma is low in water concentration (thirsty) water will move OUT of cells to balance it.
Plasma high in water concentration, water will move INTO cells
By that process called ….?

6. What is urine? Urine is produced by the kidneys
excess amino acids are broken down to urea in the liver
Urine contains urea, some salt and excess water.

7. Your kidneys …
Your kidneys have fine control over the amount of urine you produce …

8. Kidneys
Kidneys

9. Kidneys
Kidneys

10. The Nephron
The Nephron

11. When you have too much water in your blood your kidneys produce more urine to get rid of it.
When you have too little water in your blood your kidneys produce less urine.

12. Kidneys
These are responsible for filtering small molecules out of the blood.
This includes
Water
Salt
Glucose
Urea
Q? would it be a good idea to lose ALL of these substances

13. Selective reabsorption
Some of the substances that are filtered out are reabsorbed.
ALL of the glucose goes back into the blood
Q? can you think how and why?
Some salt, ions by diffusion and active transport
This happens in the tubules.
Active transport – needed for respiration

14. Order the cards and use them to make a flow diagram for producing urine

16. Kidneys
Look at the structure of the kidney. Can you better explain how it is adapted to its function?

17. What can we do when Kidneys go wrong?
Kidneys going wrong
What can we do when Kidneys go wrong?
Starter:
What options are there for people who have kidney failure?
What limitations are there for these 2 processes?

18. Dialysis http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MyWcEfT6D44

20. Copy the diagram
Draw the dialysis machine bit where substances moves across concentration gradient.
Dialysis fluid
Same glucose
Same mineral concentration
No urea

21. Transplant

22. Kidney donation – what is involved
Make notes

23. Transplants If kidneys fail you can get a transplant.
Kidney moves from donor to recipient.
A new kidney from a donor is attached to the blood vessels in your groin and allows the new kidney to filter the blood.
The old kidneys remain in the body.
The risk of rejection of transplantation by your immune system is quite high because the antigens on the kidney are “alien” and can be attacked by antibodies.
Immunosuppressant drugs are used to reduce the immune response.
What might the disadvantages of immunosuppressant drugs be?

24. Dialysis V transplant
Make a list of the pros and cons of kidney transplant and kidney dialysis using pages

25. 1. It is better to have dialysis than a transplant because there is no risk of rejection

26. 2. It is better to try xenotransplatation rather than using human organs

27. 3) Everyone should be made to be tested to see if they are a donor.

28. 4. We should be able to buy kidneys if people want to sell them.