1. EC2403 – RF AND MICROWAVE ENGINEERINGBY
C.KARTHIK
ECE/PITS

2. AIM
To study active, passive microwave devices & components used in Rf and Microwave communication systems.
// Command.java.
// Extra methods can be added to support:
// undo and redo on a stack of executed commands,
// schedule to process a queue of commands to be executed
public interface Command {
public abstract void execute ( ); }
// Receiver class. StockTrade.java
class StockTrade {
public void buy() {
System.out.println("You want to buy stocks");
public void sell() {
System.out.println("You want to sell stocks ");

3. OBJECTIVES
To study the two port RF Networks, its parameters & Circuit representation and derive their S matrix..
To have an introduction about microwave communication and to study about various microwave waveguides.
To study the various microwave sources, their principle of operation.
To learn the various semiconductor devices, amplifiers and fabrication techniques of microwave Integrated circuits.
To study the measurement of various parameters.
// Command.java.
// Extra methods can be added to support:
// undo and redo on a stack of executed commands,
// schedule to process a queue of commands to be executed
public interface Command {
public abstract void execute ( ); }
// Receiver class. StockTrade.java
class StockTrade {
public void buy() {
System.out.println("You want to buy stocks");
public void sell() {
System.out.println("You want to sell stocks ");

4. Microwave signals:
Microwaves are radio waves with wavelengths ranging from as long as one meter to as short as one millimeter, or equivalently, with frequencies between 300 MHz (0.3 GHz) and 300 GHz.
// Command.java.
// Extra methods can be added to support:
// undo and redo on a stack of executed commands,
// schedule to process a queue of commands to be executed
public interface Command {
public abstract void execute ( ); }
// Receiver class. StockTrade.java
class StockTrade {
public void buy() {
System.out.println("You want to buy stocks");
public void sell() {
System.out.println("You want to sell stocks ");

5. UNIT-1 TWO PORT RF NETWORKS-CIRCUIT REPRESENTATION
Low frequency parameters-impedance, admittance, hybrid and ABCD, High frequency parameters
Formulation of S parameters, properties of S parameters-Reciprocal and lossless networks, transmission matrix
Introduction to component basics, wire, resistor, capacitor and inductor
applications of RF
// Command.java.
// Extra methods can be added to support:
// undo and redo on a stack of executed commands,
// schedule to process a queue of commands to be executed
public interface Command {
public abstract void execute ( ); }
// Receiver class. StockTrade.java
class StockTrade {
public void buy() {
System.out.println("You want to buy stocks");
public void sell() {
System.out.println("You want to sell stocks ");

6. UNIT-2 RF TRANSISTOR AMPLIFIER DESIGN AND MATCHING NETWORKS
Amplifier power relation
stability considerations
gain considerations
noise figure,
impedance matching networks,frequency response
T and Π matching networks
microstripline matching networks

7. UNIT-3 MICROWAVE PASSIVE COMPONENTS
Microwave frequency range, significance of microwave frequency range - applications of microwaves.
Scattering matrix -Concept of N port scattering matrix representation-Properties of S matrix- S matrix formulation of two-port junction.
Microwave junctions -Tee junctions -Magic Tee
Rat race
Corners - bends and twists
Directional couplers -two hole directional couplers-
Ferrites
important microwave properties and applications
Termination
Gyrator
Isolator
Circulator
Attenuator
Phase changer
S Matrix for microwave components
Cylindrical cavity resonators.

8. Wave guide tees
E-plane tee
H-plane tee
Magic tee
H & E plane bends

9. Circulators & isolators

10. UNIT-4 MICROWAVE SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
Microwave semiconductor devices- operation
characteristics and application of BJTs and FETs
Principles of tunnel diodes
Varactor and Step recovery diodes
Transferred electron Devices -Gunn diode- Avalanche Transit time devices- IMPATT and TRAPATT devices
Parametric devices -Principles of operation - applications of parametric amplifier
Microwave monolithic integrated circuit (MMIC)
Materials and fabrication techniques

11. IMPATT DIODE
PIN DIODE
GUNN DIODE
SCHOTTKY DIODE

12. UNIT-5 MICROWAVE TUBES AND MEASUREMENTS
High frequency limitations
Principle of operation of Multicavity Klystron,ReflexKlystron, Traveling Wave Tube, Magnetron
Microwave measurements:
Power
Wavelength
Impedance
SWR
Attenuation
Q and Phase shift.

13. TWT amplifier
Magnetron

14. Two cavity Klystron Amplifier
Reflex Klystron

15. APPLICATIONS...
Microwave frequency range, is 1-30GHz, which corresponds to between 1cm and 30cm wavelength in air or vacuum.
Applications are today found in
mobile communications,
radar,
heating,
high-speed fiber optical communications (at ≥1Gbit/s).

16. ASSIGNMENTS Directional couplers -two hole directional couplers
Formulation of S parameters, properties of S parameters
Directional couplers -two hole directional couplers
impedance, SWR measurement  
// Invoker. Invoker.java
class Invoker {
private Command buyCommand, sellCommand;
public Invoker( Command bc, Command sc) {
buyCommand=bc;
sellCommand=sc; }
void buy( ) {
buyCommand. execute( ) ;
void sell( ) {
sellCommand . execute( );
//ConcreteCommand Class. BuyStockCommand.java
class BuyStockCommand implements Command {
private StockTrade stock;
public BuyStockCommand ( StockTrade st) {
stock = st;
public void execute( ) {
stock . buy( );
//ConcreteCommand Class. SellStockCommand.java
class SellStockCommand implements Command {
public SellStockCommand ( StockTrade st) {
stock . sell( );
// Client
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) {
StockTrade stock=new StockTrade(); // create an ConcreteCommand object
BuyStockCommand bsc = new BuyStockCommand(stock); //sets receiver
SellStockCommand ssc = new SellStockCommand(stock); // sets receiver
Invoker testInvoker = new Invoker( bsc,ssc); //let Invoker, the agency pass it
testInvoker.buy(); // Buy Shares
testInvoker.sell(); // Sell Shares

17. SEMINAR TOPICS Microwave transistors - Unipolar and bipolar
Impedance & Frequency measurement
Antenna measurement -Radiation pattern, Phase and gain.
// Invoker. Invoker.java
class Invoker {
private Command buyCommand, sellCommand;
public Invoker( Command bc, Command sc) {
buyCommand=bc;
sellCommand=sc; }
void buy( ) {
buyCommand. execute( ) ;
void sell( ) {
sellCommand . execute( );
//ConcreteCommand Class. BuyStockCommand.java
class BuyStockCommand implements Command {
private StockTrade stock;
public BuyStockCommand ( StockTrade st) {
stock = st;
public void execute( ) {
stock . buy( );
//ConcreteCommand Class. SellStockCommand.java
class SellStockCommand implements Command {
public SellStockCommand ( StockTrade st) {
stock . sell( );
// Client
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) {
StockTrade stock=new StockTrade(); // create an ConcreteCommand object
BuyStockCommand bsc = new BuyStockCommand(stock); //sets receiver
SellStockCommand ssc = new SellStockCommand(stock); // sets receiver
Invoker testInvoker = new Invoker( bsc,ssc); //let Invoker, the agency pass it
testInvoker.buy(); // Buy Shares
testInvoker.sell(); // Sell Shares

18. TEXT BOOKS
Samuel Y. Liao: Microwave Devices and Circuits - Prentice Hall of India, 2006.
Reinhold.Ludwig and Pavel Bretshko ‘RF Circuit Design”, Pearson Education, Inc., 2006.
// Invoker. Invoker.java
class Invoker {
private Command buyCommand, sellCommand;
public Invoker( Command bc, Command sc) {
buyCommand=bc;
sellCommand=sc; }
void buy( ) {
buyCommand. execute( ) ;
void sell( ) {
sellCommand . execute( );
//ConcreteCommand Class. BuyStockCommand.java
class BuyStockCommand implements Command {
private StockTrade stock;
public BuyStockCommand ( StockTrade st) {
stock = st;
public void execute( ) {
stock . buy( );
//ConcreteCommand Class. SellStockCommand.java
class SellStockCommand implements Command {
public SellStockCommand ( StockTrade st) {
stock . sell( );
// Client
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) {
StockTrade stock=new StockTrade(); // create an ConcreteCommand object
BuyStockCommand bsc = new BuyStockCommand(stock); //sets receiver
SellStockCommand ssc = new SellStockCommand(stock); // sets receiver
Invoker testInvoker = new Invoker( bsc,ssc); //let Invoker, the agency pass it
testInvoker.buy(); // Buy Shares
testInvoker.sell(); // Sell Shares

19. REFERENCE BOOKS
Robert .E. Collin: Foundations for Microwave Engg- Mc Graw Hill. (2001)
M.M.Radmanesh, RF & Microwave Electronics Illustrated, Pearson Education, 2007.
David M.Pozar: Microwave Engg. - John Wiley & Sons - 2nd Edition (2006)
Annapurna Das and Sisir K.Das: Microwave Engineering - Tata McGraw-Hill (2004) .
// Invoker. Invoker.java
class Invoker {
private Command buyCommand, sellCommand;
public Invoker( Command bc, Command sc) {
buyCommand=bc;
sellCommand=sc; }
void buy( ) {
buyCommand. execute( ) ;
void sell( ) {
sellCommand . execute( );
//ConcreteCommand Class. BuyStockCommand.java
class BuyStockCommand implements Command {
private StockTrade stock;
public BuyStockCommand ( StockTrade st) {
stock = st;
public void execute( ) {
stock . buy( );
//ConcreteCommand Class. SellStockCommand.java
class SellStockCommand implements Command {
public SellStockCommand ( StockTrade st) {
stock . sell( );
// Client
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) {
StockTrade stock=new StockTrade(); // create an ConcreteCommand object
BuyStockCommand bsc = new BuyStockCommand(stock); //sets receiver
SellStockCommand ssc = new SellStockCommand(stock); // sets receiver
Invoker testInvoker = new Invoker( bsc,ssc); //let Invoker, the agency pass it
testInvoker.buy(); // Buy Shares
testInvoker.sell(); // Sell Shares

20. URLs: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scattering_parameters