1. Medicines Transparency Alliance16/12/2015 Pricing: Observations Nazeem Mohamed Chairman, Uganda Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association (UPMA) C.E.O. Kampala Pharmaceutical Industries (1996) Ltd

2. Medicines Transparency Alliance Pricing: Information/Data Gathering Robust methodologies and publications exist (WHO/HAI) on pricing of medicines Share data across countries on “public procurement” as means to increase efficiency Data must be shared across multi-sectors before policies are finalised – Transparency is the key!! Pricing/Affordability must go hand in hand Convert prices into a Availability Index (no’s days wages to pay for treatment) A finding may have many causes!! Information must be dynamic and communicated!!! 16/12/2015

3. Medicines Transparency Alliance Pricing: Policy Pricing is only one aspect of the “access” issue and there is NO one answer!! Effective policy will have to be a package of measures addressing pricing, e.g. – Generic substitution – Price/margin controls – Procurement efficiency – Differential pricing – Support local manufacturing – Increase public sector availability Need for a financing mechanism for the poor and even the near poor Must measure the impact of policy and be prepared to adjust as necessary 16/12/2015

4. Medicines Transparency Alliance Pricing: Issues Watch for unwanted negative effects – Price controls may impact on availability – Growth of cheaper sub standard products Asymmetric information, i.e. Choice of medicine not made by the end consumer!! Consider the impact of “Chronic diseases” when developing policy (priorities!) Health system strengthening Financing options 16/12/2015

5. Medicines Transparency Alliance Pricing: MeTA Country Achievements Country/MeTA InitiativesImpact/Achievement Pricing/Availability studies conducted in different sectors (Ug,Zam) -Stock outs highlighted -Differences in Public/Private sectors -Trends in availability highlighted -Recommendations made to justify financing/health insurance -Wider dissemination of studies to other sectors -Unaffordability highlighted Development of Price Observatory (Peru) -Price transparency -Real time/on line data Private Sector Mapping Survey conducted (Zam) Revealed pricing structures of selected medicines in private sector 16/12/2015

6. Medicines Transparency Alliance Pricing: MeTA Country Achievements Country/MeTA InitiativesImpact/Achievement Pricing survey for essential medicines to analyze prices in the decentralized hospital procurement system and private pharmacies. (KG) -Expected to obtain pricing information in the various sectors to address improvement in policy Review pharmacy and therapeutic committees constitution and terms of reference (JOR) - include pharmacoeconomists and cost-effectiveness within those committees Electronic essential drug price monitoring system from manufacturers to drug stores (PHL) - Obtain actual prices along the distribution chain. Reference for procurement and index for re- imbursement. 16/12/2015

7. Medicines Transparency Alliance Thank you Nazeem Mohamed Email: nazeem@kpi.co.ugnazeem@kpi.co.ug 16/12/2015