1. safety and First aid
How and where to use it.

2. What not to do...

3. guided questions
What is the importance of knowing basic first aid skills?
What are different safety practices that you can apply to your daily life?
How can you determine if someone needs first aid or CPR?
What steps do you take when providing first aid and CPR?

4. What is First Aid?
First Aid is ANY help that is provided to someone who is sick or injured, until medical help can arrive.

5. the importance of knowing basic first aid
Babysitting
Independence
Driving
Everyday life

6. What to do when entering a scene
Check for safety
Call (or appoint someone)
Introduce yourself
Ask if you can help them
If the response is no, stop and don't provide any help
If they are unable to answer, check for pulse, and follow the directions of the dispatcher

7. abc's of first aid A- airway B- breathing C- circulation
Checking for circulation:
Carotid pulse
Femoral pulse
Popliteal pulse
Radial pulse
Bronchial pulse

8. Airway obstruction Universal sign for choking Heimlich maneuver Infant
Child
Adult
Pet

9. Wounds and wound care
Wound- break or tear in the soft tissues of the body
External bleeding- bleeding at the body surface
Internal bleeding- bleeding within the body
Care for Minor Wound
Wash hands
Universal precautions
Wash wound
Antibiotic ointment
Apply sterile cloth/Band-Aid

10. Care for wounds continued
Severe Wounds
Medical help immediately
Lay victim down
Follow blood to find the wound
Place a dressing on the wound and apply direct pressure
Raise limb above the heart
Apply pressure at pressure points

11. shock
Condition in which some body organs are not getting enough oxygenated blood
Cardiogenic- caused due to heart problems
Hypovolemic- caused due to low blood volume (dehydration & bleeding out)
Anaphylactic- caused due to a severe allergic reaction (change in blood vessels)
Septic- caused due to an infection
caused by damage done to the nervous Neurogenic- system

12. Treating Shock Make the person as comfortable as possible.
Lay them down
Elevate Feet
Cover with a blanket
Loosen any clothing around the neck
Monitor Vitals (Pulse, respirations, and any changes that you might notice i.e. color)

13. Burns
Injuries to the skin and tissues caused by heat, chemicals, electricity or radiation
First Degree- affected outer area, sunburns, 3-6 days to heal
Second Degree- extend to inner layer and red, swollen and blistered, exposure to burning hot liquid, 3 weeks to heal
Third Degree- full thickness burns, all skin layers, often fatal, no immediate pain because all nerves are destroyed, severe pain later, skin graft is necessary

14. Fractures
A crack or a break in the bone, there are many different types ( we will only cover a few)
Green stick fracture- partial break
Transverse fracture- a break straight across the bone
Spiral fracture- the break spirals around the bone
Oblique fracture- a diagonal break in the bone
Compression fracture- the bone is crushed causing a break
Compound fracture- where the bone punctures the skin

15. Dislocation
Bone has been forced out of its normal position
Sprain
Ligaments in a joint are stretched too far or torn
Strain
Muscle or tendon has been stretched too far or torn
Splint
A device used to stabilize a body part
Helps reduce pain, prevent further damage

16. Treatment for bone, muscle and joints
PRICE
P—Pressure
R– Rest
I – Ice
C – Compress
E – Elevate

17. Suspecting neck or head injury?
Do not move the person
Call for medical help right away
Stabilize the head and neck
Do not move hands
Wait for medical help
Concussion
Although concussions usually are caused by a blow to the head, they can also occur when the head and upper body are violently shaken.
Effects are usually temporary, but can include problems with headache, concentration, memory, judgment, balance and coordination.
Call for medical help, prevent further concussions, rest

18. CPr Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Check the scene Remain calm
Appoint someone to call 9-1-1
Asses the person ABC's

19. Providing CPR The person should be laying flat on their back
Tilt their head back, and look inside their mouth.
If you see no obstruction proceed with 2 rescue breaths (if you are CPR certified)
If you are not CPR certified proceed with chest compressions (30 compressions at 100 beats per min)
Recheck the person~ ABC's

20. AED Use
Automated External Defibrillator
How to use AED
The AED machines are typically located near the front office or the school gyms.

21. Top 5 causes of injury or death within the home
1. Falls
2. Poisoning
3. Fires/ Burns
4. Airway Obstruction
5. Water/ Drowning

22. Falls Most falls can be prevented by recognizing the accident chain:
The situation
The unsafe habit
The unsafe action
The accident
The result
By recognizing the chain of events, a person is able to take action and prevent the same accident from happening again.

23. Poisoning
Is a substance that can cause illness or death when ingested or absorbed
Most cases of poisoning are due to chemicals not being stored in a safe place.
If you suspect that someone has consumed a poison call:
If the person is reacting to poisoning call 9-1-1

24. Fires and Burns
Injuries to the skin and tissues caused by heat, chemicals, electricity or radiation
First Degree- affected outer area, sunburns, 3-6 days to heal
Second Degree- extend to inner layer and red, swollen and blistered, exposure to burning hot liquid, 3 weeks to heal
Third Degree- full thickness burns, all skin layers, often fatal, no immediate pain because all nerves are destroyed, severe pain later, skin graft is necessary

25. Water/ drowning
Survival Swimming

26. You are with a friend when you come across a car on its side in the middle of the road. A woman is screaming and bleeding very badly. A man is lying on the road, unconscious. What are the steps that you would take?

27. You and your friends are at the park having a BBQ, one of your friends decides to take off their shoes and run barefoot. You hear them yelling for help, you then rush over to see that their foot has been impaled with a stick and they are bleeding severely. What are the steps that you would take to help them?

28. In chemistry class you and your lab partner are working on your experiment. While boiling water on the Bunsen burner, someone bumps into you and you knock the boiling water off and it goes all over your partner’s hands, arms, and stomach. The skin on the back of their hands is already starting to blister. What should you do?

29. You are out to eat with some friends, when you notice someone across the restaurant stand up grabbing their throat. What are the steps you would take?

30. You and your family are all in the back yard, when all of a sudden you hear a scream. You run to the back of the house when you see your neighbor’s daughter laying on her side not breathing. What steps would you take in this situation?

31. You and your friends are at the mall
You and your friends are at the mall. You all have just left Cheesecake factory, when you pass an elderly couple. The male collapses as you approach them, after using the ABC's you notice that he has a medical alert tag that says he has diabetes. What steps do you and your friends take?

32. Your next-door neighbor has asked you to watch their 2 children for the evening, you say yes. during the evening the children convince YOU TO CREATE A SLIDE DOWN THE STAIRS WITH CARDBOARD. EVERYONE WAS HAVING lots of fun, when one of the children slid too soon, causing them to tumble down the stairs. The child is now laying at the bottom of the stairs motionless. What steps do you take?