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Published byCory Maxwell Modified over 9 years ago
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H exam I H motor strategies H mate calling in crickets H song production by s H song recognition by s H sender-receiver matching H summary PART 3: MOTOR STRATEGIES #11: MATE CALLING IN CRICKETS I
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SENSORY INPUT MOTOR OUTPUT VISION OLFACTION GUSTATION AUDITION MOTIVATION COURT FORAGE ATTACK ESCAPE FREEZE CENTRAL INTEGRATION MOTOR STRATEGIES
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SENSORY INPUT MOTOR OUTPUT VISION OLFACTION GUSTATION AUDITION MOTIVATION COURT FORAGE ATTACK ESCAPE FREEZE CENTRAL INTEGRATION MOTOR STRATEGIES
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SENSORY INPUT MOTOR OUTPUT VISION OLFACTION GUSTATION AUDITION MOTIVATION COURT FORAGE ATTACK ESCAPE FREEZE CENTRAL INTEGRATION MOTOR STRATEGIES
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H complex activity, requires H eg, coordinated operation of limbs H often rapid & appropriate responses to environmental signals H sensory-motor interface... behavior itself changes requirements of subsequent behavior MOTOR STRATEGIES
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H song production by s only... H innate recognition by s... H innate attraction by s H s navigate s... courtship H stereotypic song H many species... many different songs MATE CALLING IN CRICKETS
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H ~ 2600 modern cricket species H most work on 3 related temperate latitude families: H bush crickets (Tettigoniidae) H field crickets (Gryllidae) H mole crickets (Gryllotalpidae) H most nocturnal H high predation... many predators, avoid by H hiding, freezing, burrowing, fleeing, camouflage H short calls ~ ventriloquism... hard to locate MATE CALLING IN CRICKETS
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H song production in s by scraping wings together H several types of song H calling song H courtship song H aggressive song MATE CALLING IN CRICKETS
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H song production in s by scraping wings together H several types of song H calling song H response = positive phonotaxis H call & remain stationary... attract single H call & move... attract many s H amplify & direct call using hollow trees, burrows H courtship song H aggressive song MATE CALLING IN CRICKETS
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H song production in s by scraping wings together H several types of song H calling song H courtship song H 1 of many signals (olfactory, visual, tactile) H aggressive song MATE CALLING IN CRICKETS
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H song production in s by scraping wings together H several types of song H calling song H courtship song H aggressive song H establish territory H threaten impending aggression MATE CALLING IN CRICKETS
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H several types of song H 1 st …how NOT to study cricket songs… H calling song… H courtship song H aggressive song… H establish territory H threaten impending aggression MATE CALLING IN CRICKETS
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H calling by wing scissor motion = stridulation H file & scraper on wings H sound ~ comb H chirps & syllables H sonogram... amplify... SONG PRODUCTION BY s
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H oscillogram H cycles H carrier frequency H 5 kHz H 1 scraper tooth H pulses H = syllables H 1 stridulation H chirps & trills H sequences SONG PRODUCTION BY s
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H cricket CNS H chain of ganglia = functional aggregates of neurons H linked by paired connectives H brain (3 fused) H sensory input H subeosphageal ganglion H thoracic ganglia (3) H abdominal ganglia (?) HEAD SONG PRODUCTION BY s
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H meso- & metathoracic ganglia H motor neurons innervate H wing elevator muscles H wing depressor muscles SONG PRODUCTION CIRCUITRY
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H meso- & metathoracic ganglia H motor neurons innervate H wing elevator muscles H wing depressor muscles H observe a coordinated sequence of events… H record from H motoneuron H muscle... EMG H electromyogram SONG PRODUCTION CIRCUITRY
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H correlate with H tegmen movement H muscle contraction H sound... closing only H note timing of events H oscillating pattern H reciprocal output to antagonistic muscles H typical rhythmic motor activity... eg,walking SONG PRODUCTION CIRCUITRY
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H interneuron spikes H motoneuron spikes H thoracic ganglia contain central pattern generator H inhibition (C) H activity (B) H correlate H calls (A) SONG PRODUCTION CIRCUITRY
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H central pattern generator (CPG) call “machinery” H brain call “decision”... from 3 experiments: H focal stimulation in head H call & courtship songs H stimulate cervical connective (in “neck”) H call & courtship songs H cut off head... stimulate individual neurons in cervical connective... H call, courtship & aggression H single neurons encode each type of trigger TRIGGERING A SONG
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H central pattern generator (CPG) call “machinery” H brain call “decision” H signals not ~ timing of calls, only onset TRIGGERING A SONG
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H brain / cervical connective stimulation shows that... 1. behavior onset but not pattern timing ~ stimulation H descending signals need patterning from CPG 2. stimulus freq. ~ rate of chirping H only rate encoded by brain 3. stimulus freq. or strength transition from call courtship or aggression H weakest trigger call TRIGGERING A SONG
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H brain / cervical connective stimulation shows that... 4. duration of brain stimulus ~ duration of call H constant brain stimulus required for call 5. some stimulation call suppression... stimulus off resumed calling more intense, often courtship, postinhibitory rebound H ~ song courtship in nature TRIGGERING A SONG
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H song & response studied for > 200 yrs H how do s H recognize song ? H navigate s... phonotaxis ? H can test for hrs H distance constant H never “ ” H many versions of device... different questions SONG RECOGNITION BY s
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H walks toward artificial call H zigzag pattern H oscillations 60° ~ direct line to source SONG RECOGNITION BY s
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H what song features attract s ? H computer-constructed songs played s H varied components H syllable rate H syllable duration H chirp rate H # syllables / chirp H duty cycle / chirp SONG RECOGNITION BY s
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H what song features attract s ? H computer-constructed songs played s H varied components H syllable rate H 30 / s H others not critical SONG RECOGNITION BY s
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H how does the H first recognize the song ? H localize the song ? H 2 tympanic membranes H ~ 60 auditory receptor cells H auditory neurons H auditory nerve CNS (prothoracic ganglion) H associated with trachea H ears on forelegs SONG RECOGNITION & LOCALIZATION
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H tracheal tubes = insect “lungs” H connect tympanum outside via spiracles H sound via 2 routes H direct H indirect H distance ½ wave H pull / push SONG RECOGNITION & LOCALIZATION
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