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Published byOwen Little Modified over 9 years ago
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Chapter 4 Circuit-Switching Networks Multiplexing
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North American Digital Multiplexing Hierarchy DS0, 64 Kbps channel DS1, 1.544 Mbps channel DS2, 6.312 Mbps channel DS3, 44.736 Mbps channel DS4, 274.176 Mbps channel 1 24 1 4 1 7 1 6........ Mux DS1 signal, 1.544Mbps DS2 signal, 6.312Mbps DS3 signal, 44.736Mpbs DS4 signal 274.176Mbps 24 DS0 4 DS1 7 DS2 6 DS3 * DS: Digital Signal
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CCITT Digital Hierarchy : European 1 30 1 4 1 1 4........ Mux 2.048 Mbps 8.448 Mbps 34.368 Mpbs 139.264 Mbps 64 Kbps E1, 2.048 Mbps channel E2, 8.448 Mbps channel E3, 34.368 Mbps channel E4, 139.264 Mbps channel
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SONET: Overview Synchronous Optical NETwork North American TDM physical layer standard for optical fiber communications 8000 frames/sec. (T frame = 125 sec) compatible with North American digital hierarchy Greatly simplifies multiplexing in network backbone Protection & restoration
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SONET Specifications Defines electrical & optical signal interfaces Electrical Multiplexing, Regeneration performed in electrical domain STS – Synchronous Transport Signals Optical Transmission carried out in optical domain Optical transmitter & receiver OC – Optical Carrier
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SONET & SDH Hierarchy SONET Electrical Signal Optical SignalBit Rate (Mbps) STS-1OC-151.84 STS-3OC-3155.52 STS-9OC-9466.56 STS-12OC-12622.08 STS-18OC-18933.12 STS-24OC-241244.16 STS-36OC-361866.24 STS-48OC-482488.32 STS-192OC-1929953.28 STS: Synchronous Transport Signal OC: Optical Channel
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