1. CHAPTER GLOBAL MARKETING 07 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

2. 7-2 LEARNING OBJECTIVES Global Marketing LO1List the factors that aid in the growth of globalization. LO2Describe the components of a country market assessment. LO3Identify the various market entry strategies. LO4Highlight the similarities and differences between a domestic marketing strategy and a global marketing strategy.

3. 7-3 Kraft ©Imaginechina Photo Agency

4. 7-4 Growth of Global Market STR/AFP/Getty Images

5. 7-5 Hiring Overseas

6. 7-6 General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) World Trade Organization (WTO) WTO Website PhotoLink/Getty Images

7. 7-7 Assessing Global Markets

8. 7-8 Economic Analysis General Economic Environment Gross domestic product Gross national income Purchasing power parity Human development index NationMaster Website

9. 7-9 Evaluating Market Size and Population Growth Rate Population 2002 Population 2050

10. 7-10 Evaluating Real Income Firms can make adjustments to an existing product or change the price to meet the unique needs of a particular country market. Narinder Nanu/AFP/Getty Images REUTERS/Fayza Kabli

11. 7-11 Analyzing Infrastructure and Technological CapabilitiesInfrastructure Communication Commerce Transportation Distribution Channel Stockdisc ©MIXA/PunchStock Royalty-Free/CORBIS PhotoLink/Getty Images

12. 7-12 Analyzing Government Actions

13. 7-13 Both benefit domestically made products because they reduce foreign competition Tariffs Tax Artificially raises prices Lowers demand Quotas Maximum limit Reduces availability of imported goods Tariff and Quotas

14. 7-14 Boycott Ethical Consumer Website The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc/John Flournoy, photographer

15. 7-15 Exchange Control Exchange rateCountertrade Image Source/Alamy Stockbyte/Punchstock Images

16. 7-16 Trade Agreements

17. 7-17 The European Union (EU) Monetary and Trade Union Euro Membership does not consists of Croatia, Macedonia, Turkey and several others

18. 7-18 Analyzing Sociocultural Factors Culture Power distance Uncertainty avoidance IndividualismMasculinity Time orientation

19. 7-19 Country Clusters

20. 7-20 Spanish Ad Courtesy Nestlé SA

21. 7-21 Check Yourself 1. What are key metrics that can help analyze the economic environment of a country? 2. What types of government actions should we be concerned about as we evaluate a country? 3. What are five important cultural dimensions?

22. 7-22 Choosing a Global Entry Strategy

23. 7-23 Check Yourself 1. Which global entry strategy has the least risk and why? 2. Which global entry strategy has the most risk and why?

24. 7-24 Choosing a Global Marketing Strategy: Target Market (STP) Cultural nuancesSubculturesView of product and consumer roleDifferent positioningAdaptationSingle positioning strategy

25. 7-25 The Global Marketing Mix: Product or Service Strategies Sell the same product or service in both the home country market and host country Sell a product or service similar to that sold in home country but include minor adaptations Sell totally new products or services

26. 7-26 Global Marketing Mix: Pricing Strategies Price TariffsQuotas Anti- dumping Policies Economic Conditions Competitive factors

27. 7-27 Global Marketing Mix: Global Distribution Strategies Some global channels are very long and complex. Consumer shop local small local stores. Suppliers must be creative in delivering to these outlets. FedEx Commercial Courtesy of CJ Tucker, NASA/GSFC

28. 7-28 Global Marketing Mix: Global Communication Strategies Literacy levels vary by country Firms choose whether to adapt to language differences Cultural and religious differences also matter Photo by Jeff Kravitz/FilmMagic/Getty Images

29. 7-29 Check Yourself 1. What are the components of a global marketing strategy? 2. What are the three global product strategies?

30. 7-30 Return to slide A boycott pertains to a group’s refusal to deal commercially with some organization to protest against its policies. Glossary

31. 7-31 Return to slide Cultural imperialism is the belief that one’s own culture is superior to that of other nations. Glossary

32. 7-32 Return to slide Exchange control refers to the regulation of a country’s currency exchange rate, the measure of how much one currency is worth in relation to another. Glossary

33. 7-33 Return to slide The purpose of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was to lower trade barriers such as high tariffs on imported goods and restrictions on the number and types of imported products that inhibited the free flow of goods across borders. Glossary

34. 7-34 Return to slide Infrastructure is the basic facilities, services, and installations needed for a community or society to function. Glossary

35. 7-35 Return to slide A quota designates the maximum quantity of a product that may be brought into a country during a specified time period. Glossary

36. 7-36 Return to slide A tariff is a tax levied on a good imported into a country. Glossary

37. 7-37 Return to slide A trade agreement is an intergovernmental agreement designed to manage and promote trade activities for a specific region. Glossary