1. Baltimore Polytechnic Institute April 10, 2013 A/A.P. U.S. History Mr. Green

2. Objectives: Indicate how America reacted to Pearl Harbor and prepared to wage war against both Germany and Japan. Describe the mobilization of the American economy for war and the mobilization of manpower and womanpower for both the military and wartime production. Describe the war’s effects on American society, including regional migration, race relations, and women’s roles. Explain the early Japanese successes in East Asia and the Pacific, and the American strategy for countering them. AP Focus Early in the war, Germany, Japan, and Italy have considerable military success. The Allies, except for France, which had surrendered in 1940, are fortunate not to be overwhelmed completely. Fearing that they will be disloyal, President Roosevelt orders the detention of Japanese Americans, a serious violation of basic American civil rights.

3. CHAPTER THEMES Unified by Pearl Harbor, America effectively carried out a war mobilization effort that produced vast social and economic changes within American society. Following its “get Hitler first” strategy, the United States and its Allies invaded and liberated conquered Europe from Fascist rule. The slower strategy of island-hopping against Japan also proceeded successfully until the atomic bomb brought a sudden end to World War II.

4. Explain the difference between a white-collar job and a blue collar job 1956-1 st time white-collar jobs outnumbered blue-collar jobs Explain the significance of this statistic. What does this say about the U.S. economy?

5. John Foster Dulles-Secretary of State roll back the gains of communism liberate captive peoples balance the budget by cutting military spending “Policy of Boldness”-1954 focus on Strategic Air Command-equipped with nukes cheaper than conventional forces (really) Stalin dies in 1953 to be replaced by Nikita Khrushchev Hungarian Uprising 1956 exposed the realities of the SAC

6. Accused Dean Acheson of employing 205 known Communists only 57 genuine communists and never rooted out 1 Accused General George Marshall of a huge conspiracy Ike tried to stay out of the gutter with McCarthy Deprived government of Asian specialists that may have helped with Vietnam dictated personnel at the State Department Army-McCarthy Hearings Died in 1957 of chronic alcoholism

7. Segregation 15 million African-Americans 2/3 still lived in the South Emmett Till in 1955 Segregation tarnished American’s international image North moves first equal access, baseball, Sweatt v. Painter (1950) Rosa Parks-December 1955 Montgomery bus boycott MLK

8. Truman commissioned “To Secure These Rights” ended segregation in 1948 in federal civil service/military Earl Warren Brown v. Board Border States made more effort than the deep South Ike not on board did send federal troops to Little Rock, Arkansas 1957-1 st Civil Rights Act since Reconstruction Civil Rights Commission

9. Limited Federal Government Cut back on Truman’s military buildup military spending 10% of GNP oil fields went to state control attempted to curb the TVA Dixon/Yates controversy private power company to build a generating plant to compete with the public utility born during the Great Depression HEW-free distribution of the Salk anti-polio vaccine as “socialized medicine” Federal Highway Act of 1956 42,000 miles of highway $27 billion dollars Mobilize the troops anywhere Killed the train

10. Landrum-Griffin Act 1959 bring labor leaders book for financial shenanigans and bullying tactics The Teamsters and Hoffa caused the conversation for reform to occur

11. Vietnam and Ho Chi Minh/Viet Minh French colony, but by 1954 the U.S. paid nearly 80% of the French war in Indochina ($1 billion/year) Battle of Dien Bien Phu-March 1954 Vietnam nationalists surround the French garrison Ike stayed out, even though Nixon, Dulles and the Joint Chiefs favored intervention Split Vietnam at the 17 parallel with elections in 2 years Ngo Dinh Diem propped up in the South at Saigon Elections never happened Aid to Diem provided he undertook social reforms

12. West Germany joined NATO in 1955 Warsaw Pact in 1955 USSR left Austria in 1955 and Khrushchev denounced dead Joe Stalin Hungarian Uprising in 1956 Iran Shah put in place in 1953 by the CIA Mohammed Reza Pahlevi Suez crisis (Nationalism) Egypt wanted a dam on the upper Nile Nasser flirted with the communists and Dulles pulled the money Nasser nationalized the canal and no oil could get to Britain and France and they assaulted Egypt in Oct. 1956 OPEC formed in 1960-Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Iraq, Iran and Venezuela

13. 1954-CIA directed coup ousted a leftist government in Guatemala As long as you were fighting communists, everything is OK Fulgencio Batista-encourage huge investments of American capital Castro took control in 1959 and began dolling out American owned property U.S. stopped importing Cuban sugar Castro continued confiscating U.S. owned land USSR found an ally/satellite in Cuba

14. 1. Begin 1950’s chart 2. Complete Korean Conflict Chart

15. Read Chapter 35 Prepare for 5 question reading check on Tuesday