1. Secondary Resources

2. Secondary literature refers to references that either index or abstract the primary literature Its goal is directing the user to the primary literature.

3. Indexing: providing bibliographic citation information (e.g., title, author, and citation of the article) Abstracting: includes a brief description (or abstract) of the information provided by the article or resource cited

4. majority of secondary resources are utilized primarily in an electronic format Electronic databases offer some advantages over print listings Frequent updating Ease of use

5. Searches generally use Boolean operators AND OR NOT

6. Some databases allow searches to be limited by a variety of factors: − language of publication − year of publication − type of article (e.g., human study, review, and case report) − type of journal This is most helpful when the initial search terms return a large number of possible matches

7. Secondary Resources Examples: Medline (Pubmed): National Library of Medicine: http://www.nlm.nih.gov National cancer institute: http://www.cancer.gov CINAHL Information Systems : http://www.cinahl.com Cochrane database of systematic reviews: http://www.cochrane.org Embase: http://www.embase.com Google scholar: http://scholar.google.com/

8. Iowa Drug Information Service: University of Iowa, http://itsnt14.its.uiowa.edu/ International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (IPA) American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, http://www.ashp.org Lexis nexis: http://www.lexisnexis.com

15. Lab session Using pubmed Introduction to Saudi digital library