1. Disability Studies and Post- Colonialism Slamet Thohari Seminar of Disability Studies

2. Disability theories: MedicalTalcott Parson Personal Tragedy Thories institutionalization Deviance institutionalization

3. New Perspectives at 70 th is a social problem, or “disability” is caused by social structure and environment, then people become a disabled is due to the social oppression. Social Model in UK Mike Oliver (1983, 1990, 1996) Barnes (1991) dan Vic Finkelstein( 1980; 1981) and other people in UK.) Independent Living in Berkeley USA David Pfeiffer (Hawaii)

4. Medical Vs Social Model MedicalSocial Model

5. Post-Colonialism Postcolonial theories share “a social, political, and moral concern about the history and legacy of colonialism – how it continues to shape people’s lives, well-being, and life opportunities” (Young, 2001 in Browne, Smye & Varcoe, 2005, p. 19).

6. Western power Euro-centrism Colonialism Something Defined Object of Charity Something Rationalized

7. 1. Political oppression 2. Economic oppression 3. Social/cultural oppression 4. Psychological oppression Remains Today Legacies of Colonialism New Colonialism?

8. Postcolonial Theory 1.Destabilizing western Way of Thinking, 2.Creating space for the Subaltern or marginalized groups 3.Clearing space from dominant discourse 4.Producing an alternative discourse instead of the dominant discourse.

9. Example: Java, Indonesia Disability is Magical Javanese society considered person who had a supernatural power and must be respected.

10. Disability in Java

11. Medical brought by the Dutch in 1621. People with disabilities as “medical problems”. Categorized as “abnormal” in 1808.

12. Colonial Legacies on Disability Medical Standards in educations Medical Standard in Civil Servant Medical Standard in Politics Social Pathologies Department of Social Affairs

13. The other example American Legacies Sickness Social Pathologies

14. About 1974 and the Years after ICIDH ( International Classification of Impairment,Disability and Health) Segregated and isolated based on their disabilities standardization of sign languages

15. About 1993 into Indonesian today! Some of people have been trying to implement the social model and independent living Implement “barrier-free environment “ It’s not succeeded

16. The Theory is Not based on Cultures Western Biases Power Neo- Colonialism Theory

17. How postcolonial perspective sees people with disabilities ? Colonial Legacies complex problems for people with disabilities Colonial Policies social context of Europe Many theories historical context of society If They are absorbed uncritically with scant reference with local habits “Colonialism” There is correlation between the subordination of people with disabilities in “the third-world” and the power of “western countries”, because many theories adopted in many polices came up with powers

18. What are we going to do with Post-colonialism in disability studies? analyzing phenomena people with disabilities by correlating with colonial legacies clearing space for “domination of normalcy”, and “colonial legacies” and western-countries power Producing the alternative discourse instead of the dominant discourses