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Biology 10/2/13 Mrs. Turgeon DO NOW : In your notes: Fill in the blanks regarding a Biologist’s levels of organization: 1.____________ 2.Bio molecule 3. ____________ 4. Cell
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Biology 10/2/13 Mrs. Turgeon AGENDA 1.Make a class list: Rules of a good graph 2. Discuss Bee article in groups
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Nutrition & Energy Flow Chapter 2, Section 2
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How are these items related to one another in an ecosystem?
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How Organisms Obtain Energy The Sun is the ultimate source of energy for life.
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Producers Photosynthetic Autotrophs –Use light energy to make glucose
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Consumers Heterotrophs –Herbivores = feed only on plants –Carnivores = eat other heterotrophs –Scavengers = eat dead animals –Omnivores = eat both animal and plant materials –Decomposers = break down and release nutrient from dead organisms
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Flow of Matter and Energy in Ecosystems Models to show how energy moves in one direction through an ecosystem –Food Chains –Food Webs –Ecological Pyramids
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Food Chain Arrows show transfer of energy (…is eaten by) Ex: berries mice rattle snake –A portion of energy is given off as heat at each transfer –Amount of energy in final transfer is only a fraction of what was at the first transfer Only 10% of energy is transferred between each level
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Trophic Levels = Each organism represents a feeding step in the movement of energy
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Food Web Shows all possible feeding relationships at each trophic level in a community
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Ecological Pyramids Base always represents 1 st trophic level Higher trophic levels are layered on top of one another
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Pyramid of Energy = Energy decreases with each trophic level moving up –Total energy transfer from one trophic level to the next is only about 10%
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Pyramid of Biomass = Less living material as you move up trophic levels
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Cycles in Nature Matter moves through the trophic levels of an ecosystem. Energy can be lost through heat; Matter is not gained or lost, it is recycled. Ex: Water Cycle, Carbon Cycle, Nitrogen Cycle, Phosphorous Cycle
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Water Cycle Water present 3 billion years ago is still present today It’s been recycled between land, ocean and atmosphere –Evaporation (water gas) – Condensation (clouds) – Precipitation (rain)
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The Carbon Cycle Putting Carbon in the Ground: Plants use CO 2 to create carbon compounds (sugar) for growth and energy Consumers eat plants and/or other animals to get carbon compounds for growth and energy Plants and animals die, carbon is returned to the ground where fossil fuels can form Putting Carbon in the Atmosphere: CO 2 gets released during cell respiration CO 2 released when burning fossil fuels
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The Nitrogen Cycle See figure 2.19 on page 56
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The Phosphorous Cycle See figure 2.20 on page 57
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Practice Why is a pyramid a good shape to represent how matter and energy transfer in an ecosystem? Why not use a circle or a square?
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According to the Law of Conservation, matter can neither be created nor destroyed. Make a relationship between this statement and the recycling of carbon in an ecosystem. (Hint: All life on this planet is carbon based. What happens to a tree that dies & falls in a forest? Who benefits from the dead tree?)
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