1. By Zachary Space Telescopes

2. Contents 4 = Part 1 – Introduction 6 - 8 = Part 2 – History 10 = Part 3 – Fame 12 - 13 = Part 4 – How Do They Work 19 - 21 = Part 5 – Launching 22 – 27 = Part 6 – Timeline

3. INTRODUCTION PART 1

4. Introduction In this presentation I’ll talk about space telescopes. There are some really interesting facts. Look out for cool images! Carina Nebula: This zoom video shows the location of Hubble's 20th anniversary image of the Carina Nebula in the sky.Carina Nebula: This zoom video shows the location of Hubble's 20th anniversary image of the Carina Nebula in the sky. I hope you enjoy it!

5. HISTORY PART 2

6. History of Space Telescopes Telescopes were first invented in 1608 by Hans Lippershey, Sacharias Jansen and Jacob Metius These telescopes were optical and used combinations of convex and concave lens Early telescopes were used for earth based astronomy Galileo Galilei improved the telescope In 1610 he used telescopes to: – Discover the moons of Jupiter – Spots on the sun – Phases of Venus – Hills & valleys on the Moon

7. History of Space Telescopes By the 18 th century, telescopes showed planets stars & nebulas In 1924, American astronomer Edwin Hubble used the 100 inch Hooker telescope to observe billions of other galaxies besides the Milky Way In 1923, German scientist Hermann Oberth suggested a telescope propelled into earth orbit by a rocket By 1946, astrophysicist Lyman Spitzer wrote about the scientific benefits of a telescope in space, above Earth’s turbulent atmosphere So in 1969 US National Academy of Sciences gave approval for the Large Space Telescope (LST) project Soon after man walked on the moon This led to the launch of lot so telescope including the famous Hubble Space Telescope (HST) in 1990

8. Timeline 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2017+ Hans Lippershey invented telescope (1608) Sputnik I launched (1957) Hubble launched by Space Shuttle Discovery (1990) Orion Project approximate launch (2017) Jupiter Project launch (2011) Mars rover launch (1965) First manned space mission (1961) James Webb Space Telescope launch (approx. 2013) / approx. Hubble’s end Man on the moon/ Large Space Telescope (LST) project (1969) Galileo Galilei improved the telescope Hermann Oberth suggested a telescope propelled into space by a rocket (1923) Lyman Spitzer wrote about the scientific benefits about having a telescope in space (1946)

9. FAME PART 3

10. Famous Telescopes One of the most famous telescopes is the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Did you know that the HST had a US$634 million repair because the primary mirror was 0.0002cm out of length? THAT’S A RIPOFF!!!!!!!! Hubble Space Telescope

11. HOW DO THEY WORK? PART 4

12. How They Work Here is a diagram of three space telescopes and their components – Spitzer – Hubble – XMM-Newton Space telescopes can view the universe in – Visible light, ultraviolet and Infrared – X-ray, gamma rays – Radio waves Spitzer Hubble XMM-Newton

13. How They Work Telescope captures light and/or radiation A mirror concentrate light/radiation onto scientific instruments Scientific instruments take measurements Computers process the data The data is transferred through communications systems to Earth Solar Panels absorb sunlight and make electricity for power Batteries store power form the solar panels Navigation and pointing systems move the telescope using thrusters (RCS)

14. HOW DO THEY GET INTO ORBIT? PART 4

16. SOLID ROCKET BOOSTERS HOW THEY WORK - PART 4

17. Solid Rocket Boosters (SRB) Dimensions Length: 4547 cm Diameter: 371 cm Nozzle thrust vector control Approximate weight and thrust (each) Gross weight 583 600 kg Inert weight 81 900 kg Thrust (se level) 11 800 000 N SRB/ET thrust attachment Four separation motors 88 964 N thrust SRB/ET attachment & sway braces Drogue chute Four seperat

18. MAIN FUEL TANK HOW THEY WORK – PART 4

19. Main Fuel Tank The main fuel tank is the main fuel source in a space shuttle. It holds at the top liquid oxygen and in the middle liquid hydrogen. These are mixed to forum liquid fuel to power the main engines.

20. SHUTTLE OR CAPSULE HOW THEY WORK – PART 4

21. Shuttle or Capsule The space shuttle or capsule holds cargo, passengers and scientific equipment to do repairs, discovery’s and upgrades.

22. SATELLITES & OTHER SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS HOW THEY WORK – PART 4

23. Satellites +other scientific instruments Satellites Some spacecraft carry satellites which are a special scientific instrument, which can help us in different ways everyday eg. telling the weather. Other Instruments Other spacecraft carry other scientific instruments eg. space telescopes space shuttles and many more.

24. FUTURE MISSIONS PART 7

25. James Webb Space Telescope This space telescope is a brand new & is created by NASA. It’s going to replace the Hubble program. It’s approximate launch date is 2013. Its arrival is 2018. It’ll discover the very first galaxies of the early universe following the Big Bang. Webb will peer through dusty clouds to stars forming planetary systems, it’s instrument’s will be designed to work primarily in the range of the electromagnetic spectrum, with some compatibility in the visible range. It’s distance away from earth: 1’000’000 miles away. JWST Movies

26. JUPITER MISSION (NASA) This mission from NASA is a mission to learn about Jupiter. The approximate time of arrival is 2015. It’ will discover more about Jupiter and scientists suggest Jupiter is a critical planet for space exploration.

27. ORION SPACECRAFT (NASA) In 2017 NASA will probably launch a space probe called ‘Orion’. This project is to replace the old space shuttle program which has retired. It’ll be taller more aerodynamic and quicker.

28. SUMMARY

29. One last movie… NASA overview of Hubble and future space telescope missions Other space agencies are also planning space telescopes – European Space Agency (ESA) – Russian Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS) – National Aeronautics Space Administration (NASA) – Canadian Space Agency (CSA) – United Kingdom Space Agency (UKSA) – & many more…

30. THE END! Thank you for listening to my presentation! Zachary

31. References http://en.wikipidia.org/wiki/history_of_the_space_telescope http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_space_telescopes http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/herschel/overview_prt.htm http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hubble/story/the_story_prt.htm http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hubble/story/timeline_prt.htm http://www.google.com/imghp?hl=en&tbm=isch&source=og&sa=N&tab=li http://www.jwst.nasa.gov/

32. QUESTONS?!?! NOW… ARE THERE ANY OF YOU WANTING YOU TO ASK ME ANY