1. CHAPTER 1 Whole Numbers

2. Place Value In Whole Numbers The position a digit has in a number is called its PLACE VALUE. For WHOLE NUMBERS the PLACE VALUES are as follows: MillionsHundred Thousands Ten Thousands ThousandsHundredsTensUnits 1 000 000100 00010 0001000100101

3. Non-Calculator Methods for Addition and Subtraction When adding or subtracting numbers without a calculator make sure that the columns for each place value are carefully lined up in the number you are working with. eg 1 1 8 7eg 21 7 5 4 5 4- 4 7 0 +3 2 1 01 2 8 4 3 4 5 1

4. Multiplying a Whole Number by 10, 100, 1000 …. When you multiply a whole number by 10 you add 1 zero. When you multiply a whole number by 100 you add 2 zeroes. When you multiply a whole number by 1000 you add 3 zeroes. and so on …... Multiplying a Whole Number by Multiples of 10 (20, 30, 40..) Multiply by the number of tens and then multiply by 10. eg 1eg 2 537 x 20412 x 30 537 x 2 = 1074412 x 3 = 1236 1074 x 10 = 107401236 x 10 = 12360

5. Dividing a Whole Number by 10, 100, 1000 …. When you divide a whole number by 10 all digits get moved 1 place to the right. When you divide a whole number by 100 all digits get moved 2 places to the right. When you divide a whole number by 1000 all digits get moved 3 places to the right. and so on …... Dividing a Whole Number by Multiples of 10 (20, 30, 40..) Divide by ten and then divide by the number of tens. Eg 1Eg 2 7350 ÷ 50840 ÷ 20 7350 ÷ 10 = 735840 ÷ 10 = 84 735 ÷ 5 = 14784 ÷ 2 = 42

6. Long Multiplication Example 1 Work out, without a calculator 417 x 238 Answer 1 4 1 7 x 2 3 8 3 3 3 6 1 2 5 1 0 Because we are really multiplying by 30 + 8 3 4 0 0 Because we are really multiplying by 200 9 9 2 4 6

7. Long Division Example 2 Work out, without a calculator 16422 ÷ 34 Answer 2 0 0 4 8 3 3 4 1 6 4 2 2 34 x 1 = 3434 x 4 = 13634 x 7 = 238 34 x 2 = 6834 x 5 = 17034 x 8 = 272 34 x 3 = 10234 x 6 = 20434 x 9 = 306

8. Order of Operations in a Calculation A useful way to remember the order to do mathematical operations in, is: B racket O ver (powers) D ivide A dd S ubtract