1. October 21, 2015 Journal Question: Why is your body temperature always around 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit?

2. Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

3. What is Anatomy? Literally means to cut apart The study of internal and external structures of plants and animals How living things are put together

4. Two Types of Anatomy Microscopic Anatomy: Study of structures only seen with magnification aids. Macroscopic Anatomy: Study of structures visible to the naked eye Also known as Gross Anatomy Examples?

5. Femur Lungs Stomach Bacteria Red Blood Cell Ear Cardiac Muscle Tissue Would the following items fall under Microscopic or Macroscopic Anatomy?

6. What is Physiology? The study of how body parts function How the body works

7. How does anatomy relate to physiology?

8. If the structure is not right, the function can’t be right either. Abnormal structure and function = disease Example: Sickle Cell Structure (anatomy) determines function (physiology)

9. Homeostasis Physiological mechanisms that work to maintain a constant internal environment Examples?

10. Components of Homeostatic Mechanisms 1.Receptor – detects stimuli and sends signal on an afferent pathway to the control center. 2.Control Center – interprets signal and decides how to act. 3.Effector – information flows from the control center along the efferent pathway to the effector.

11. How do homeostatic mechanisms work? Receptor (Start) Control Center Effector Afferent Pathway Efferent Pathway If the body detects that its normal set- point is either to high or to low it will respond.

12. Example When your body gets to hot, what happens? Send signal to control center in the brain Brain signals a response Sweat is released and blood vessels get bigger

14. Positive Feedback Loops Loop continues in the same direction and increases magnitude of change to the body

15. Negative Feedback Loops Loop moves in the opposite direction of a stimulus

16. Determine if the scenario represents a positive or negative feedback homeostatic system: a.A car starts rolling out of a driveway w/o a driver. A person decides to respond by pushing the car in the direction that makes it leave the driveway faster.A car starts rolling out of a driveway w/o a driver. A person decides to respond by pushing the car in the direction that makes it leave the driveway faster. b.Your blood calcium level is low so your body begins to break down bone tissue so that calcium is released into the blood.Your blood calcium level is low so your body begins to break down bone tissue so that calcium is released into the blood. c.A neuron is stimulated and sodium goes rushing into the cell. The more it is stimulated the more sodium goes rushing in, thus enhancing the stimulus.A neuron is stimulated and sodium goes rushing into the cell. The more it is stimulated the more sodium goes rushing in, thus enhancing the stimulus.

17. Metabolism In order to maintain homeostasis many chemical reactions have to take place in your body. These chemical reactions are collectively called your metabolism

18. Two Types of Metabolic Pathways: 1. Anabolism – the process by which simpler compounds are built up and used for growth, repair and reproduction. Examples - cellular respiration to ATP 2. Catabolism – the process by which complex substances are broken down into simpler substances. Examples – hydrolysis of fats or glycogen.

19. Homeostasis Lab!

20. Understanding Anatomy and Physiology Terminology

21. Prefixes

22. Abdomin/o - Abdomen

23. Angi/o - Vessel

24. Arthr/o - Joint

25. Cardi/o - Heart

26. Cyan/o - Blue

27. Cyt/o - Cell

28. Derm/o - Skin

29. Erythr/o - Red

30. Gastr/o - Stomach

31. Glyc/o - Sugar

32. Hepat/o - Liver

33. Hist/o - Tissue

34. Leuk/o - White

35. Mamm/o - Breast

36. Nephr/o - Kidney

37. Neur/o - Neuron

38. Oste/o - Bone

39. Phag/o - Swallow

40. Path/o - Disease

41. Rhin/o - Nose

42. Acro - Extremities

43. Brady - Slow

44. Dys - Difficult

45. Electro - Electric

46. Macro - Large

47. Micro - Small

48. Tachy - Fast

49. Peri- around

50. A or An- Without

51. Dia- Through

52. Suffixes

53. -algia: Pain

54. -ectomy: Surgical Removal

55. -itis: Inflammation

56. -graphy: the process of recording

57. -ologist: One Who Studies

58. -otomy: Cutting Into

59. -ostomy: Surgically forming an opening

60. -phobia: fear

61. Decoding Medical Terminology When defining medical terms normally the suffix is said first, followed by the combining word. Example: Gastrologist - one who studies the stomach If a medical term has a prefix and a combining word you normally say it in the order it is written. Example: Bradycardia - slow heart rate If there is a prefix, a combining word, and a suffix, you say the suffix first and then the prefix and then the middle word Example: Endoabdominalgia - pain within the abdomen

62. Writing out Medical Terminology When writing out medical terms for most instances the suffix indicates the last part of the term first. Example: Inflammation of the stomach is gastritis When putting together a combing word and a suffix you do not use the letter “O” at the end of the combing word if the suffix begins with a vowel, but you use the letter “O” if the suffix begins with a consonant Example: Gastr/o + -itis = Gastritis Example: Leuk/o + -cyte = Leukocyte

63. Practice with Decoding and Writing Medical Terms

64. Cranial Cavity Abdominal Cavity Diaphragm Ventral Cavity Thoracic cavity Mediastinum Vertebral Canal Pelvic Cavity Abdominopelvic cavity Pleural Cavity Pericardial Cavity

65. Body Cavities