1. Ch. 6 Key Issue #1 Where Are Religions Distributed?
NOTES

2. Key Issue #1 – Where Are Religions Distributed?
What is the difference between universalizing and ethnic religions?
Universalizing – global, mass appeal, open to all, widely diffused (“evangelical”)
Christianity
Islam
Buddhism
Sikhism & Baha’I
Ethnic – one exclusive ethnic group, limited diffusion, clustered distribution (non-evangelical)
Hinduism
Judaism
Confucianism
Daoism (Taoism)
Shintoism
Animism

3. Distribution of World Religions

5. Universalizing Religions
Divide into branches, denominations, and Sects
Branch – large fundamental division
Denomination – division of a branch that unites many local congregations into administrative body
Sect – small, break-away group from larger denomination

6. Christianity Branches - Denominations – (Protestant) (US/world)
Roman Catholic (52%)
Eastern Orthodox (10%)
Protestant (21%)
Smaller (22%) – Armenian, Coptic, Ethiopian
Unaffiliated (5%)
Denominations – (Protestant) (US/world)
Baptist (35 million)/ 40
Methodist (12 million)
Pentecostal (11 million) / 132 (Apostolic or Full Gospel)
Lutheran (8 million) / 75
Mormon (5 million) / 10
Presbyterian (4 million)
Episcopal/Anglican (2 million) / 70

9. Christianity in Europe

10. Christianity in the U.S.

12. Islam - 1.3 billion – 2nd largest, fastest growing
50% outside Middle East – Indonesia, Pakistan, Bangladesh, India
Founded by prophet Muhammad – 700 A.D.
Islam - “Submission to the will of God”
Muslim – “one who surrenders
to the will of God”
Five Pillars (tenets) of Islam
Slide #33

14. Branches of Islam Sunni (orthodox) – 83%
Shiite / Shia (sectarian) – 16% - mostly in Iran, Azerbaijan, Pakistan, and Iraq
Europe – 5% of population; result of immigration and guest worker programs – France & Germany
U.S. and Canada – 5 million – “Nation of Islam” or Black Muslims; a sect led by Elijah Muhammad calling for a separatist movement
Sect split in 1960s – Malcolm X converted to Sunniism – Organization of Afro-American Unity

15. Islamic branches, denominations and sects
1 Traditional branches
1.1 Sunni Islam
1.1.1 Schools of Fiqh (Law)
1.1.2 Schools of Aqidah (Belief)
1.2 Shi`a Islam
1.2.1 Twelver
1.2.2 Ismailism
1.2.3 Zaidi
1.3 Kharijite Islam
1.3.1 Ibadi
1.3.2 Sufri
2 Sufism
2.1 Qadiri
2.2 Bektashi
2.3 Chishti
2.4 Naqshbandi
2.5 Oveyssi
2.6 Suhrawardiyya
3 Other groups
3.1 Reformists
3.2 Heterodox groups
3.2.3 Nation of Islam
4 Related faiths
4.1 Bábism
4.2 Bahá'í Faith
4.3 Sikhism
4.4 Five Percenters
4.5 Nuwaubu

16. Distribution of Islamic denominations
Traditional branches
Distribution of Islamic denominations

17. Buddhism 400 million adherents – China and Southeast Asia
# of adherents difficult to count; exclusivity not required
Founded by Siddhartha Gautama – 500 B.C.E.
Four Noble Truths – the path to enlightenment (Nirvana)
3 Branches
Theravada – (38%)“little raft” – renounce material world
Mahayana – (56%) “big raft” – life of compassion
(Vajrayana) Tantrayana – (6%) – Tibet & Mongolia; Dalai Lama

19. Buddha & Pagodas (p. 188) "may you prosper and have good fortune."
"Sawasdee Kha." = "Good Morning" or "Good Afternoon."

20. Ethnic Religions - Clustered distribution
Hinduism – largest – 860 million – 3rd largest religion in the world; 90% in India, the rest in Nepal
Branches
Vaishnavism (Vishnu) – 68% - loving god incarnated as Krishna
Sivaism (Siva) – 27% - protective and destructive god
Shaktism (Shak) – female consorts of Vishnu and Siva
Judaism everywhere (diaspora) 15 million – 1st monotheistic religion – Canaan – Palestine - Israel
Confucianism in China
Daoism (Taoism) China and Taiwan
Tao te Ching – Lao Tze
The Dao = “The Way”
Ying and yang, Tai Chi, Feng Shui, acupuncture, The Tao of Pooh
Shintoism in Japan – merged with Buddhism

22. Jewish Diaspora
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