1. Welcome This is a document to explains the chosen concept to the animator. This will take you through a 5 section process to provide the necessary details to the animator before starting the animation. The legend on the left will indicate the current status of the document. The big Black coloured number will denote the current section, the Grey color would denote the completed sections, and the Turquoise color would denote the remaining sections. The slides having yellow background (like this one) are the 'Instruction slides' 5 2 1 4 3

2. Shear Shear is the response of a rock to deformation usually by compressive stress. Shear can be homogeneous or non- homogeneous, and may be of pure-, simple- or general shear types. ‏  Related LOs: > Prior Viewing: graduation level of fundamental of structural Geology > Future Viewing : rock microstructures or rock textures and fault mechanics  Course Name: Structural Geology Level: Post graduation  Author: Arpita Roy  Mentor: : Prof. Soumyajit Mukherjee *The contents in this ppt are licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.5 India license

3. Learning objectives After interacting with this Learning Object, the learner will be able to: Explain the mechanism of simple shear and pure shear in rocks  Describe the process of shearing 5 3 2 4 1

4. Master layout or diagram Make a schematic diagram of the concept Explain the animator about the beginning and ending of the process. Draw image big enough for explaining. In the image, identify and label different components of the process/phenomenon. (These are like characters in a film) ‏ Illustrate the basic flow of action by using arrows. Use BOLD lines in the diagram (minimum 2pts.) ‏ In the slide after that, provide the definitions of ALL the labels used in the diagram You may have multiple master layouts. In this case, number the master layout. (e.g. Master layout 1, 2, 3…) ‏ 5 3 2 4 1

5. Master layout 5 3 2 4 1 Animator should redraw diagrams Text written in blue colour are the instructions for the animator, would not appear in the final animation Text written in black colour has to appear in the animation Green arrows indicate the flow of the phenomenon/process Blue arrows have to indicate labeling

6. Definitions/ Keywords 5 3 2 4 1 Simple shear, the cube of rock is sheared like a pack of cards (Figs. 1a- c). In two dimension, the square is converted into a parallelogram. The parallelogram progressively lengthens as deformation proceeds, but the top and the bottom surfaces neither shorten nor lengthen. Instead, they maintain their original lengths Pure shear is nearly synonymous with coaxial strain. Pure shear can be explained by shortening of a cube of rock in one direction and extension in the perpendicular direction (Figs. 2a-c). The square is converted into a rectangle and the original sides of the square maintains parallelism

7. Master layout: 1 5 3 2 4 1 Fig. 1a Simple shearFig. 1c Simple shear of square and the included circle Fig. 1b Simple shear of line

8. Master layout: 2 5 3 2 4 1 Fig. 2c Pure shear Fig. 2b Pure shearFig. 2a Pure shear

9. Explain the process In this step, use an example to explain the concept. It can be an analogy, a scenario, or an action which explains this concept/process/topic Try to use examples from day-to-day life to make it more clear You have to describe what steps the animator should take to make your concept come alive as a series of moving images. Keep the examples simple to understand, and also to illustrate/animate. 5 3 1 4 2

10. Analogy Pure shear: Compression of a cake Simple shear: Slipping of a pack of cards 5 3 1 4 2

11. Action Step : In the master layout 1, the block has to be pushed (as demonstrated in Fig. 1b). As the angle (shown as ‘A’ in those figures) increases, the shape of the red circle (inside the square) gradually changes step by step and becomes an ellipse (as shown in Fig. 1c). The Fig 1b is just to get an idea (this Figure would not be the part of animation) about the steps given in Fig. 1c. The final picture is Fig. 1a. In Master layout 2, the block has to be pressed (as demonstrated in Fig. 2b). It should be clear that as the pressure is applied, the square becomes rectangle, and the red circle becomes ellipse/oval in shape- as it has been shown in Fig 2c. 5 3 4 2 1

12. Stepwise description of process The goal of the document is to provide instructions to an animator who is not a expert. You have to describe what steps the animator should take to make your concept come alive as a moving visualization. Use one slide per step. This will ensure clarity of the explanation. Add a image of the step in the box, and the details in the table below the box. You can use any images for reference, but mention about it's copyright status The animator will have to re-draw / re-create the drawings Add more slides as per the requirement of the animation 5 2 1 4 3

13. Step 1: Simple shear 5 2 1 4 3 Refer master layout 1a, 1b and 1c *** Diagram has not attached in this slide. See previous slide. (The diagram is large one so it cant be possible to attach here) Description of the actionAudio narrationText to be displayed Show a red circle inside a square. The square has to be drawn with black lines. The square is divided by two perpendicular lines as per Fig 1a. Label it as per Fig 1a. Demonstrate two opposite half arrows on Fig. 1c (note figure 1b would not be the part of animation. This is just for instruction how shape of the square has to change in further steps). As the arrows move with the next step, the shape of the red circle has to change as in Fig. 1c. First show Fig.1a. There only the square part of figure with labeling (pop-up style). After 15 seconds the first square with red circle has to appear. Then the half arrows have to flash on it. Slowly arrows would move, and the next deformed square as in Fig. 1c would appear on the screen. Each item should be displayed on screen for 10 seconds. And in last grey colored rhomb as in Fig. 1a has to appear as the final output of this layout. Note: in Animation, Fig. 1c should be marked as Fig. 1b. ] Progressive deformation of a reference circle and two lines by simple shear. The principal strain axes rotate continuously to different orientations during deformation. One direction remains constant and everything else rotates relative to it. Approximates the situation in simple shear zone. Square becomes rhomb

14. Step 2: 5 2 1 4 3 Refer master layout 2a, 2b and 2c Pure shear *** Diagram has not attached in this slide. See previous slide.(The diagram is large one so it cant be possible to attach here) Description of the actionAudio narrationText to be displayed Show the black lined square. The square is marked with label 90 and 90 on its two sides. In the immediate next step, the square has to be divided by two perpendicular red lines diagonally as per Fig. 2a. After 15 seconds, demonstrate two arrows compressing (as per Fig.1c). Compression is applied on the first square in with red circle of Fig. 2b. As the arrows appear to push from two sides, after 15 seconds in the next step the shape of the red circle has to change as per Fig. 2b. Next, the deformed square of Fig. 2b would appear on the screen. The time gap of 15 seconds is maintained for each item. And, at the end, the rectangle as in Fig. 1c has to appear as the final output of this layout. The orientation of the principal strain axes remain fixed throughout the deformation i.e. the directions of greatest compression and extension remains constant. The major- and the minor axis of the deforming ellipse remain constant. All other lines rotate. Square become rectangle with horizontal ellipse.

15. Animation design Please see the design template provided in the next slide. This is a sample template, and you are free to change as per your design requirements. Try and rename the tabs / buttons / sections / subsections as shown in the template. Use ‘callouts’ as shown above to explain the source of content. Ex: If the call out is placed at the Tab 01, and you want the content to be taken from slide 3 of this presentation, then place this callout on the Tab 01, and write ‘Slide 3’ inside the callout. Slide 3 5 2 1 3 4

16. Click on Square, click on the first red circle Credits Interactivity area Start Replay Simple Shear Pure Shear Summary Definitions

17. Click on Square ; click on the first red circle Credits Interactivity area Start Replay Simple Shear Pure Shear Summary Definitions

18. Self- Assessment Questionnaire for Learners Please provide a set of questions that a user can answer based on the LO. They can be of the following types: – These questions should be 5 in number and can be of objective type (like MCQ, Match the columns, Yes or No, Sequencing, Odd One Out). – The questions can also be open-ended. The user would be asked to think about the question. The author is requested to provide hints if possible, but a full answer is not necessary. – One can include questions, for which the user will need to interact with the LO (with certain parameters) in order to answer it. – It is better to avoid questions based purely on recall. APPENDIX 1 Fig.1 5 3 4 2 1

19. Questionnaire: 1.Difference between pure shear and simple shear: ( Hints are needed here) Hints: a) Pure shear is compressed along one direction and allowed to extend along orthogonal direction, In case of simple shear a body is deformed by differential sliding along a set of parallel planes. b) In case of Pure shear: particles which are parallel to the direction of compression and extension move to the direction of extension. In case of simple shear: Particles parallel to the shear direction rotate in the sense of shear until they become parallel to the direction of shear. c) In case of pure shear: The line of no finite longitudinal strain makes 45 degree angle with the principal axes of infinitesimal strain ellipse. In case of simple shear: The line of no finite longitudinal strain makes 45 degree angle with the direction of shear. APPENDIX 1 Fig.1 5 3 4 2 1

20. Questionnaire: 2) Two quartz veins are in cross cutting relationships. One vein shows folding & other boudinag-explain (In this case hint is needed) Hint: One of the veins suffers extension-so extension Other suffers shortening-so folding occurs. Options: a) Both of the vein suffers extension b) Both of the vein suffers shortening c) V1 suffers extension, V2 suffers shortening d) V1 suffers shortening and V2 suffers extension Folding Boudinage Fig.1 5 3 4 2 1 V1 V2

21. Questionnaire: 3) In an inclined plane when shear stress will be maximum? a) When the angle will be 90º b) When the angle will be 45º c) When the angle will be 120º [ Hint: In this case σ 1& σ 2 are the two principle axes of stress and θ is the angle. We get shear stress= ( σ1- σ 2 ) sin2θ will be maximum when θ is 90º sin2θ=1=sin90 θ=45º] σ1σ1 σ2σ2 θ 2 sin 2θ

22. Links for further reading In the next slide, provide some reference reading material for the users. It could be books, reference publications, or website URLs. APPENDIX 2

23. Links for further reading APPENDIX 2 1.http://www.uwgb.edu/dutchs/structg e/shear.htm 2.http://courses.eas.ualberta.ca/eas421 /lecturepages/mylonite.html 3.George, H. D., & Stephen, J. R., 1996. Structural Geology. Second edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Canada. sspp. 84-85.

24. Summary Please provide points to remember to understand the concept/ key terms of the animation, in the next slide. The summary will help the user in the quick review of the concept. APPENDIX 3

25. Summary In simple shear, the cube of rock is sheared like a deck of cards (Figs. 1a- c) and the square is converted to a parallelogram. The parallelogram progressively lengthens as deformation proceeds, but the top and the bottom surfaces neither shorter nor lengthen. Instead, they maintain their original lengths, which is the original length of the edge of the cubes Pure shear is nearly synonymous with coaxial strain. Pure shear can be explained by shortening of a cube in one direction and extension in the perpendicular direction (Figs. 2a-c). The square is converted to a rectangle and the original sides of the square maintain parallelism