1. Introduction to Animals
Section 1 – Characteristics of All Animals
Domain
Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya
Common ancestor

2. Animals Invertebrates (animals without a backbone) Porifera Cnidaria
Worms
Mollusks
Echinoderms Arthropods

3. Animals Vertebrates- Animals with backbones Fish Amphibians Reptiles
Birds Mammals

4. Animal Groups

5. Characteristics of ALL Animals:
EUKARYOTES
Are ____________________
cells have nucleus & membrane bound organelles
2. Are ____________________
get food from consuming other organisms
3. Are ____________________
made of many cells
4. Show __________________
different kinds of cells do different jobs
HETEROTROPHIC
MULTICELLULAR
SPECIALIZATION

6. Characteristics of ALL Animals:
5. _____________ (at some point in life cycle)
for food, find mates, escape danger
Contain _____________
which carries the genetic code
7. ____________________
Make offspring
Most have sexual reproduction (few asexual)
MOVE
DNA
REPRODUCE

7. 10 Body Systems : INTEGUMENTARY 1. _____________________
OUTSIDE BODY COVERING (fur, skin, scales, feathers)
Covers and protects, ID, prevents heat & water loss

8. 10 Body Systems : DIGESTIVE 2. ________________ Breaks down food
to obtain nutrients
& gets rid of
undigested waste

9. Only one opening: FOOD IN and WASTE OUT through same opening

10. Two openings:
FOOD IN at one end (mouth) WASTE OUT at other end (ANUS)

11. Two openings: Most efficient
If food flows only one direction it allows for organ specialization
(Different parts can start to do different jobs)

12. 10 Body Systems : CIRCULATORY CLOSED OPEN 3. __________________
Transports nutrients/oxygen to body cells
Carries carbon dioxide/nitrogen waste away from cells
Circulatory fluid can be:
inside blood vessels = _________ loose inside body spaces = _______
CLOSED
OPEN

13. 10 Body Systems : RESPIRATORY Exchange gases with the environment
4. ___________________
Exchange gases with the
environment
take in oxygen
get rid of waste gases (CO2 &/or ammonia)

14. 10 Body Systems : Get rid of nitrogen waste made by cells
5. ___________________
Get rid of nitrogen waste made by cells
Help with HOMEOSTASIS by maintaining water/ion balance
(_________________________)
EXCRETORY
OSMOREGULATION

15. NITROGEN WASTE : AMMONIA UREA URIC ACID
_________________ Most TOXIC Must be removed QUICKLY Needs MOST water to dilute
_________________ Made from ammonia by liver Less toxic than ammonia Can be stored if diluted with water
(Needs less water to dilute than ammonia)
_________________ LEAST TOXIC
Can be stored if diluted with water (Needs LEAST amount of water to dilute)
UREA
URIC ACID

16. 10 Body Systems : SKELETAL 6. ___________________
Framework to support body/protection
Skeleton on inside = _______________
Skeleton on outside = _______________
ENDOSKELETON
EXOSKELETON

17. 10 Body Systems : MUSCULAR 7. _______________
Locomotion- move body itself OR
move substances through body (EX: food through digestive system; blood through vessels)

18. 10 Body Systems :
8. _____________________ Produce offspring by combining genetic material from 2 parents = __________________________
REPRODUCTIVE
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
Produce offspring using genetic material from only 1 parent =_____________________________
ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

19. 10 Body Systems :
______________ DEVELOPMENT immature LARVA looks different than adult
__________ DEVELOPMENT young are smaller versions on adults
INDIRECT
DIRECT

20. External fertilization
Sperm and egg join
outside female’s body =___________________
inside female’s body = ____________________
External fertilization
Internal fertilization

21. NERVOUS 9. ___________________
Receive sensory info about environment &
send response signals

22. ENDOCRINE
10. __________________
Make hormones that regulate other body systems
(only in higher animals)

23. ALL WASTE is NOT THE SAME!
DIGESTIVE WASTE
NITROGEN WASTE
WHERE ITS MADE?
Body system used?
In what form?
made by cells from break down of proteins
left over from undigested food
Handled by digestive system
Handled by
excretory system
Feces (poop)
ammonia, urea, or uric acid

24. Kinds of Symmetry
No symmetry
Radial symmetry
Bilateral symmetry

25. ___________________ No symmetry
ASYMMETRY
___________________ No symmetry
Doesn’t matter how you cut it; you never get 2 identical halves.

26. _______ Symmetry
Radial
Get 2 identical halves in several directions.

27. ___________ Symmetry Bilateral
If divide animal down the middle you get 2 mirror images
BUT only divides equally in ONE direction

28. All animals except sponges, jellyfish, anemones have 3 germ layers in their embryos
Endoderm
Mesoderm
Ectoderm
Digestive system, respiratory
Muscle, excretory, bones,
circulatory
Outer skin, brain, nervous system

29. Types of Coeloms (See-lums)
No cavity (space) around organs
ACOELOM = “without space”

30. Types of Coeloms PSEUDOCOELOM
Space around organs but only lined with mesoderm on one side (lines body wall BUT NOT around gut)
PSEUDOCOELOM

31. Kinds of Coeloms
EUCOELOM: Body cavity (space) lined on BOTH sides by mesoderm
EUCOELOM = TRUE COELOM = COELOM

32. EUCOELOMATES ALL VERTEBRATES & SOME INVERTEBRATES
ALL ANIMALS you will dissect this year are EUCOELOMATES!

33. 3 Types of Coeloms ACOELOM EUCOELOM PSEUDOCOELOM ectoderm mesoderm
endoderm

34. Advantages of having a COELOM (body space):
Provides space for internal organs
In animals without a skeleton- Fluid in coelom space can act as a HYDROSTATIC skeleton
In animals without blood vessels- Fluid in coelom space can circulate nutrients and oxygen to cells

35. Which way is up? DORSAL (top) ANTERIOR head end POSTERIOR tail end
VENTRAL (underneath)

36. ________________ CEPHALIZATION
Concentration of nervous tissue and sensory organs in anterior end of an organism (head area)