1. CHAPTER 9 SECTION 3 Expansion in Texas

2. Americans Settle in the Southwest The Impact of Mexican Independence  Mexico gains independence from Spain in 1821  Trade between US and Mexico multiplies  Northern Provinces rich in cattle trade and hided for commercial products from the US  With independence Mexico is finding it difficult to control its large territory and neglects its northern provinces of: New Mexico, California, Texas, Arizona, Nevada, and Utah

3. Americans Settle in the Southwest Mexico invites U.S. Settlers  To help protect Mexico from attacks the Mexican gov’t invites US settlers to come to Texas  Mexican gov’t give huge land grants to empresarios, who in- turn sell cheap land to Americans  Americans must pledge loyalty to Mexican laws and practice Catholicism  Americans rushed to Texas; soon the number of Anglo (English Speaking) people out-numbered the Mexican settlers

4. Texas Fights for Independence “Come to Texas”  As Anglo population continued to grow increased tensions arose  Most of the settlers spoke English not Spanish, were Protestant not Catholic, and had slaves  Mexico abolished slavery in 1824  1830 Mexico closed its borders and placed a high tax on American goods  However; American population in Mexico doubled from 1830- 1834

5. Texas Fights for its Independence “Remember the Alamo”  Stephen Austin an important emprisario urged the Mexican president to allow more self-governing for Texas  Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna (president) responded by sending 4,000 troops into Texas  Austin urged Texans to arm themselves  1835 Texans were able to drive the Mexicans out of the Alamo, and old mission and fort  Santa Anna responded by destroying the 187 American men at the Alamo including Jim Bowie and Davy Crockett

6. Texas Fights for Independence Lone Star Republic  Six weeks after the Alamo the Texans struck back  Led my Sam Houston the Texans killed 630 of Santa Anna’s men in 18 minutes  Shouts of “Remember the Alamo” provided the men with courage and inspiration  Houston captured Santa Anna and forced him to sign the Treaty of Velasco  Gave Texas its independence  1836 Sam Houston became the president of the Republic of Texas or the “Lone Star Republic”

7. Texas Fights for Independence Texas Joins the Union  1838 Sam Houston invited the US to annex Texas and incorporate it into the Union  US opinion was split by region  Northern states feared admission of another slave state; and that it would bring war with Mexico  Southern states wanted to annex asap!  1845 Texas became the 28 th in the Union and the Mexican gov’t was furious……