2. APUSH CHAPTER 17 MANIFEST DESTINY and ITS LEGACY 1841-1848

3. “Manifest Destiny”  First coined by newspaper editor, John O’Sullivan in 1845.  ".... the right of our manifest destiny to over spread and to possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us for the development of the great experiment of liberty and federalative development of self-government entrusted to us. It is right such as that of the tree to the space of air and the earth suitable for the full expansion of its principle and destiny of growth."  A myth of the West as a land of romance and adventure emerged.

4. “American Progress” by John Gast, 1872

5. Aroostook “War,” 1839  The only war ever declared by a state.  Between the Canadian region of New Brunswick and the state of Maine.  Cause: The expulsion of Canadian lumberjacks in the disputed area of Aroostook by Maine officials.  Congress called up 50,000 men and voted for $10,000,000 to pay for the “war.”  General Winfield Scott arranged a truce, and a border commission was convened to resolve the issue.  The only war ever declared by a state.  Between the Canadian region of New Brunswick and the state of Maine.  Cause: The expulsion of Canadian lumberjacks in the disputed area of Aroostook by Maine officials.  Congress called up 50,000 men and voted for $10,000,000 to pay for the “war.”  General Winfield Scott arranged a truce, and a border commission was convened to resolve the issue.

6. Maine Boundary Settlement, 1842

8.  Americans began moving into Texas in the 1820’s and brought their slaves with them.  War fought by Texans against Mexico because they believed their rights had been violated.  Won by Texans in 1836 and requests to enter the U.S.

9. Reasons Texans Opposed Mexican Citizenship Did not want to adopt Mexican customs Did not see Mexico as their own country Few spoke Spanish, and most found the Spanish Catholic Church alien to them

10. Major BattleOutcome GonzalesMexicans retreat Alamo Texans defeated after Inflicting serious losses On Mexicans San JacintoTexans prevail

11.  President Jackson and Van Buren refused to recognize Texas statehood because of slavery.  Texas became its own country with Sam Houston president, 1836 to 1845.  Mexico never recognized the independence of Texas.

12.  Texas entered as a U.S. state in 1845.  Mexico vowed if Texas became part of the U.S., this would be an act of war.  One cause of the war with Mexico in 1846.

13. Texas Declaration of Independence

14. Key Figures in Texas Independence, 1836 Sam Houston (1793-1863) Steven Austin (1793-1836)

15. The Republic of Texas

16. Remember the Alamo!

17. Davey Crockett’s Last Stand

18. The Battle of the Alamo General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna Recaptures the Alamo

19. Overland Immigration to the West  Between 1840 and 1860, more than 250,000 people made the trek westward.

20. Reasons Americans Went West Religious freedom Opportunity to own their Own farms To fulfill the concept Of Manifest Destiny To convert Native Americans To Christianity To act as trailblazers

21. The Oregon Trail – Albert Bierstadt, 1869

22. Trails Westward

23. Trails to The West Oregon Trail California Trail Santa Fe Trail Mormon Trail Old Spanish Trail Butterfield Overland Mail Trail Pony Express Trail

24. Many Challenges Faced Americans Who Moved West Terrain between the frontier and the Pacific was difficult The typical trip west took five to six months Travelers feared attacks by Native American warriors

25. The Doomed Donner Party April, 1846 – April, 1847

26. The Doomed Donner Party James Reed & Wife Margaret Patrick John Breen Breen Breen  Of the 83 members of the Donner Party, only 45 survived to get to California! CANNIBALISM ! ! CANNIBALISM ! !

28. Dems --> James Knox Polk

29. The Oregon Dispute: 54’ 40º or Fight!  By the mid- 1840s, “Oregon Fever” was spurred on by the promise of free land.  The joint British- U. S. occupation ended in 1846.

30. Whigs  Henry Clay

31. 1844 Campaign Flag

32. Liberty Party  James Birney

33. “Texas Coming In”

34. Texas (the beast): I fear I cannot carry you into the Presidential Chair. Polk: Dear Texas, I knew you cannot—I wish I had rode some other horse but it is too late to repent.

35. 1844 Election Results

36. “JAME S K. POLK” by They Might Be Giants In 1844, the Democrats were split The three nominees for the presidential candidate Were Martin Van Buren, a former president and an abolitionist James Buchanan, a moderate Lewis Cass, a general and expansionist From Nashville came a dark horse riding up He was James K. Polk, Napoleon of the Stump!

37. Austere, severe, he held few people dear His oratory filled his foes with fear The factions soon agreed He's just the man we need To bring about victory Fulfill our Manifest Destiny And annex the land the Mexicans command And when the votes were cast the winner was Mister James K. Polk, Napoleon of the Stump!

38. In four short years he met his every goal He seized the whole southwest from Mexico Made sure the tariffs fell And made the English sell the Oregon Territory He built an independent treasury Having done all this he sought no second term But precious few have mourned the passing of Mister James K. Polk, our eleventh president “Young Hickory,” Napoleon of the Stump!

39. 1.Lower the tariff. 2.Resolve the Oregon boundary dispute. 3.Restore the independent treasury. 4.Acquire California. Goals of Polk’s Administration

40. The Bear Flag Republic John C. Frémont The Revolt  June 14, 1845

42. The Slidell Mission: Nov., 1845  Mexican recognition of the Rio Grande River as the TX-US border.  US would forgive American citizens’ claims against the Mexican govt.  US would purchase the New Mexico area for $5,000,000.  US would California at any price.  Mexican recognition of the Rio Grande River as the TX-US border.  US would forgive American citizens’ claims against the Mexican govt.  US would purchase the New Mexico area for $5,000,000.  US would California at any price. John Slidell

43. CausesEffects Disputes between the U.S. and Mexico Over claiming Texas as part of the Louisiana Purchase Idea of Manifest Destiny Mexican president’s refusal to meet with U.S. envoy to discuss the U.S. purchase Of California territory Mexico’s refusal to recognize the Independence of Texas Annexation of Texas in the Union In 1845 Mexico ceded the U.S. More than 500,000 Square miles of territory Including: California, Utah Nevada, most of New Mexico And Arizona and parts of Colorado and Wyoming U.S. paid Mexico $15 million And took over Mexico’s debts Owed to American citizens Dream of Manifest Destiny realized Revived question of slavery In new states War with Mexico

44. The Mexican War (1846-1848)

45. General Zachary Taylor at Palo Alto “Old Rough and Ready”

46. The Bombardment of Vera Cruz

47. General Scott Enters Mexico City “Old Fuss and Feathers”

48. Wilmot Proviso, 1846 Provided, territory from that, as an express and fundamental condition to the acquisition of any the Republic of Mexico by the United States, by virtue of any treaty which may be negotiated between them, and to the use by the Executive of the moneys herein appropriated, neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall ever exist in any part of said territory, except for crime, whereof the party shall first be duly convicted. Provided, territory from that, as an express and fundamental condition to the acquisition of any the Republic of Mexico by the United States, by virtue of any treaty which may be negotiated between them, and to the use by the Executive of the moneys herein appropriated, neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall ever exist in any part of said territory, except for crime, whereof the party shall first be duly convicted. Congr. David Wilmot (D-PA)

49. Treaty of Guadalupe- Hidalgo, 1848 Nicholas Trist, American Negotiator

50. Treaty of Guadalupe- Hidalgo, 1848  Mexico gave up claims to Texas above the Rio Grande River.  Mexico gave the U. S. California and New Mexico.  U. S. gave Mexico $15,000,000 and agreed to pay the claims of American citizens against Mexico (over $3,500,000).  Mexico gave up claims to Texas above the Rio Grande River.  Mexico gave the U. S. California and New Mexico.  U. S. gave Mexico $15,000,000 and agreed to pay the claims of American citizens against Mexico (over $3,500,000). The Treaty was basically forced on Mexico!

51. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Mexico’s ProvisionsUnited State’s Provisions Ceded over 500,000 square miles of territory Accepted Rio Grande as Texas border Paid Mexico $15 million Claimed $3.25 million in Mexican debts

52. Results of the Mexican War?  The 17-month war cost $100,000,000 and 13,000+ American lives (mostly of disease).  New territories were brought into the Union which forced the explosive issue of SLAVERY to the center of national politics. * Brought in 1 million sq. mi. of land (incl. TX)  These new territories would upset the balance of power between North and South.  Created two popular Whig generals who ran for President.  Manifest Destiny partially realized.  The 17-month war cost $100,000,000 and 13,000+ American lives (mostly of disease).  New territories were brought into the Union which forced the explosive issue of SLAVERY to the center of national politics. * Brought in 1 million sq. mi. of land (incl. TX)  These new territories would upset the balance of power between North and South.  Created two popular Whig generals who ran for President.  Manifest Destiny partially realized.

53. The Mexican Cession