2. Cultural Universals

3. Culture Definition: PATTERNS OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR that include: ideas beliefs values artifacts ways of making a living WHICH ANY SOCIETY TRANSMITS TO SUCCEEDING GENERATIONS TO MEET ITS FUNDAMENTAL NEEDS.

4. Cultural Universals KEY ELEMENTS shared by all groups of people throughout the history of man. ALL SOCIETIES have behaviors and objects that influence and define that culture. Question: Can anyone think of ANYTHING (behaviors or objects) that applies to EVERY society?

5. Place and Time a. Location: land, climate b. Resources: flora, fauna, raw materials c. Time: past, present, future

6. Family Life

7. Family Structure Who is the head of the family? Who lives together?

8. Division of Labor Who does the work?

9. Food, Clothing Shelter, Transportation a. Food b. Clothes c. Dwellings

10. a. Food Food What is eaten and how is it prepared?

11. Clothing What is worn every day? Are there ceremonial clothes?

12. Dwellings What are the homes like and how are they made?

13. Transportation

14. How do people move from place to place?

15. a. Jobs: b. Money: c. Existing technology d. Trade Economics

16. Money What is used for currency?

17. Jobs How do people earn a living?

18. Existing Technology What are their tools and weapons?

19. Trade What do they have to trade? With whom do they trade?

20. Communication

21. Language Spoken, written, “sign” and body language

22. Number Systems How does the group count?

23. Institutions A. Rules & Laws B. Conflict Resolution C. Education D. Medicine E. Military

24. Rules & Laws How is the group governed? Who makes and enforces the laws? How is the government organized?

25. How is conflict resolved?

26. Education How do children learn their culture?

27. Medicine Who heals? How?

28. Military How is the group protected from “outsiders?”

29. Art: Does the group have music? What kind? Do they have literature? Crafts? Dance? Arts & Recreation

30. What does the group do for fun?

31. How does the group explain the unknown? What are the group’s birth and death rituals? Belief Systems

32. The End!