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Asian Paths to Autonomy Chapter 36 Section 1
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India’s Quest for a Homeland
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Source of Nationalism in India Indian National Congress (1885) Initial support from both Hindus and Muslims British encouraged development of Muslim League (1906) Woodrow Wilson’s self determination Lenin’s anti-imperialist views Mohandas Gandhi 3
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Ghandi’s Passive Resistance Ahimsa: non-violence Satyagraha: passive resistance (“truth and firmness”) Non-cooperation Movement (1920- 1922) Civil Disobedience Movement (1930) Boycott of British Institutions Armritsar Massacre (1919) 4
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The Government of India Act (1937) Creation of autonomous legislature ▫600 nominally sovereign princes refuse to cooperate Muslim fears of Hindu dominance ▫Traditional economic divide ▫Especially severe with Great Depression Muhammad Ali Jinnah (1876-1948) proposes partition, creation of the State of Pakistan 5
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The Republic of China Revolution in 1911 forces Emperor Puyi to abdicate Sun Yatsen (1866-1925) proclaims Republic of China in 1912 Political anarchy follows Independent warlord exercise local control
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Sun Yat-sen Revolutionary leader Founder of Kuamintang (KMT) Uniting figure in post-imperial China Formed fragile alliance with communists
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Sources of Chinese Nationalism Anti-imperialist sentiments from the 19 th century May Fourth Movement Anti-Japanese feelings Guomindang – Nationalist People’s Party Chinese Communist Party founded in Shanghai (1921) ▫Leader: Mao Zedong (1893-1976)
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Chinese Civil War Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-Shek) Mao Zedong
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1927-1936
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Imperialist Japan Japan signs treaties under League of Nations to limit imperialist activity, 1922-1928 Political chaos in interwar Japan, assassinations Militarist, imperialist circles advocate greater assertion of Japanese power in the region China a soft target Mukden Incident (1931)
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Comparing India and China IndiaChina Nonviolent movement for home rule Anti-imperialist (British) Independence leads to internal conflict between Muslims and Hindus India Act Partition of India and Pakistan after independence Armed conflicts Anti-imperial (Manchu, Japanese, Europeans) Internal conflicts due to warlords, communists and nationalists Civil War – communist win
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