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EGR 115 Introduction to Computing for Engineers 3D animation in MATLAB Monday 17 Nov 2014 EGR 115 Introduction to Computing for Engineers
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Lecture Outline Monday 17 Nov 2014 EGR 115 Introduction to Computing for Engineers 3D animation in MATLAB Slide 2 of 14
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3D animation in MATLAB Monday 17 Nov 2014 EGR 115 Introduction to Computing for Engineers 3D animation in MATLAB Let’s animate a pool ball on a frictionless table. Define the Problem in more detail: o Define the ball as a red unit disk o Define the size of the table as a 10x10 square o Provide a random initial velocity o Provide a random initial position o Ball will bounce if it touches a wall If it hits a horizantal wall the y-velocity changes sign If it hits a vertical wall the x-velocity changes sign Slide 3 of 14
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3D animation in MATLAB Monday 17 Nov 2014 EGR 115 Introduction to Computing for Engineers Define the ball as a red unit disk o Use rectangle(…) graphic object to draw the red ball Define the size of the table as a 10x10 square o Use axis([xmin xmax ymin ymax]) to define the axis limits o Could also use xlim(…) and ylim(…) Provide a random initial velocity rectangle('Position',[??, ??, 1, 1], 'Curvature',[1,1], 'FaceColor','r'); axis([0 10 0 10]); % Set the initial velocity vel.x = 5*(rand - 0.5); % X & Y initial velocity (m/sec) vel.y = 5*(rand - 0.5); Slide 4 of 14 Diameter = 1
![3D animation in MATLAB Monday 17 Nov 2014 EGR 115 Introduction to Computing for Engineers Define the ball as a red unit disk o Use rectangle(…) graphic object to draw the red ball Define the size of the table as a 10x10 square o Use axis([xmin xmax ymin ymax]) to define the axis limits o Could also use xlim(…) and ylim(…) Provide a random initial velocity rectangle( Position ,[ , , 1, 1], Curvature ,[1,1], FaceColor , r ); axis([ ]); % Set the initial velocity vel.x = 5*(rand - 0.5); % X & Y initial velocity (m/sec) vel.y = 5*(rand - 0.5); Slide 4 of 14 Diameter = 1](http://images.slideplayer.com./27/8954209/slides/slide_4.jpg "3D animation in MATLAB Monday 17 Nov 2014 EGR 115 Introduction to Computing for Engineers Define the ball as a red unit disk o Use rectangle(…) graphic object to draw the red ball Define the size of the table as a 10x10 square o Use axis([xmin xmax ymin ymax]) to define the axis limits o Could also use xlim(…) and ylim(…) Provide a random initial velocity rectangle( Position ,[ , , 1, 1], Curvature ,[1,1], FaceColor , r ); axis([ ]); % Set the initial velocity vel.x = 5*(rand - 0.5); % X & Y initial velocity (m/sec) vel.y = 5*(rand - 0.5); Slide 4 of 14 Diameter = 1")
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3D animation in MATLAB Monday 17 Nov 2014 EGR 115 Introduction to Computing for Engineers Provide a random initial position o Make sure that the ball is on the table!!! Set an animation time step Update the position at each time step % Set the initial position (center of the ball) pos.x = 0.5+9*rand; % X & Y initial position (m) pos.y = 0.5+9*rand; dT = 0.1; % Animation time step (sec) pos.x = pos.x + vel.x * dT; % X position update pos.y = pos.y + vel.y * dT; % Y position update Slide 5 of 14
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3D animation in MATLAB Monday 17 Nov 2014 EGR 115 Introduction to Computing for Engineers Ball will bounce if it touches a wall o If it hits a horizantal wall the y-velocity changes sign o If it hits a vertical wall the x-velocity changes sign Radius of ball is 0.5 !! % Check for bouncing off a wall if pos.y > 9.5 % Hit the top wall vel.y = -vel.y; elseif pos.y < 0.5 % Hit the bottom wall vel.y = -vel.y; end if pos.x > 9.5 % Hit the right wall vel.x = -vel.x; elseif pos.x < 0.5 % Hit the left wall vel.x = -vel.x; end Slide 6 of 14
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3D animation in MATLAB First Attempt Monday 17 Nov 2014 EGR 115 Introduction to Computing for Engineers % Set the initial velocity vel.x = 5*(rand - 0.5); % X & Y initial velocity (m/sec) vel.y = 5*(rand - 0.5); % Set the initial position (center of the ball) pos.x = 0.5+9*rand; % X & Y initial position (m) pos.y = 0.5+9*rand; dT = 0.1; % Animation time step (sec) % Animate the pool ball moving while 1 % Run forever % create a circle using rectangle function & handle to object rectangle('Position',[pos.x-0.5, pos.y-0.5, 1, 1],'Curvature',[1,1], 'FaceColor','r'); axis([0 10 0 10]); pause(dT); % Pause for dT seconds pos.x = pos.x + vel.x * dT; % X position update pos.y = pos.y + vel.y * dT; % Y position update % Check for bouncing off a wall if pos.y > 9.5 % Hit the top wall vel.y = -vel.y; elseif pos.y < 0.5 % Hit the bottom wall vel.y = -vel.y; end if pos.x > 9.5 % Hit the right wall vel.x = -vel.x; elseif pos.x < 0.5 % Hit the left wall vel.x = -vel.x; end Slide 7 of 14 Why not use else here?
![3D animation in MATLAB First Attempt Monday 17 Nov 2014 EGR 115 Introduction to Computing for Engineers % Set the initial velocity vel.x = 5*(rand - 0.5); % X & Y initial velocity (m/sec) vel.y = 5*(rand - 0.5); % Set the initial position (center of the ball) pos.x = 0.5+9*rand; % X & Y initial position (m) pos.y = 0.5+9*rand; dT = 0.1; % Animation time step (sec) % Animate the pool ball moving while 1 % Run forever % create a circle using rectangle function & handle to object rectangle( Position ,[pos.x-0.5, pos.y-0.5, 1, 1], Curvature ,[1,1], FaceColor , r ); axis([ ]); pause(dT); % Pause for dT seconds pos.x = pos.x + vel.x * dT; % X position update pos.y = pos.y + vel.y * dT; % Y position update % Check for bouncing off a wall if pos.y > 9.5 % Hit the top wall vel.y = -vel.y; elseif pos.y < 0.5 % Hit the bottom wall vel.y = -vel.y; end if pos.x > 9.5 % Hit the right wall vel.x = -vel.x; elseif pos.x < 0.5 % Hit the left wall vel.x = -vel.x; end Slide 7 of 14 Why not use else here](http://images.slideplayer.com./27/8954209/slides/slide_7.jpg "3D animation in MATLAB First Attempt Monday 17 Nov 2014 EGR 115 Introduction to Computing for Engineers % Set the initial velocity vel.x = 5*(rand - 0.5); % X & Y initial velocity (m/sec) vel.y = 5*(rand - 0.5); % Set the initial position (center of the ball) pos.x = 0.5+9*rand; % X & Y initial position (m) pos.y = 0.5+9*rand; dT = 0.1; % Animation time step (sec) % Animate the pool ball moving while 1 % Run forever % create a circle using rectangle function & handle to object rectangle( Position ,[pos.x-0.5, pos.y-0.5, 1, 1], Curvature ,[1,1], FaceColor , r ); axis([ ]); pause(dT); % Pause for dT seconds pos.x = pos.x + vel.x * dT; % X position update pos.y = pos.y + vel.y * dT; % Y position update % Check for bouncing off a wall if pos.y > 9.5 % Hit the top wall vel.y = -vel.y; elseif pos.y < 0.5 % Hit the bottom wall vel.y = -vel.y; end if pos.x > 9.5 % Hit the right wall vel.x = -vel.x; elseif pos.x < 0.5 % Hit the left wall vel.x = -vel.x; end Slide 7 of 14 Why not use else here")
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3D animation in MATLAB Monday 17 Nov 2014 EGR 115 Introduction to Computing for Engineers Result Slide 8 of 14
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3D animation in MATLAB Monday 17 Nov 2014 EGR 115 Introduction to Computing for Engineers Updates: Only plot the current ball o METHOD#1: Call rectangle once and update the [x, y] position data of the rectangle, or o METHOD#2: Turn the visibility on and off Reduce the speed with each bounce (simulate friction) o vel = 0.9 * vel; Exit when the speed drops too low o While |vel| > 0.5, continue Slide 9 of 14
![3D animation in MATLAB Monday 17 Nov 2014 EGR 115 Introduction to Computing for Engineers Updates: Only plot the current ball o METHOD#1: Call rectangle once and update the [x, y] position data of the rectangle, or o METHOD#2: Turn the visibility on and off Reduce the speed with each bounce (simulate friction) o vel = 0.9 * vel; Exit when the speed drops too low o While |vel| > 0.5, continue Slide 9 of 14](http://images.slideplayer.com./27/8954209/slides/slide_9.jpg "3D animation in MATLAB Monday 17 Nov 2014 EGR 115 Introduction to Computing for Engineers Updates: Only plot the current ball o METHOD#1: Call rectangle once and update the [x, y] position data of the rectangle, or o METHOD#2: Turn the visibility on and off Reduce the speed with each bounce (simulate friction) o vel = 0.9 * vel; Exit when the speed drops too low o While |vel| > 0.5, continue Slide 9 of 14")
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3D animation in MATLAB METHOD#1 – Update ‘Position’ Monday 17 Nov 2014 EGR 115 Introduction to Computing for Engineers % Set the initial velocity vel.x = 5*(rand - 0.5); % X & Y initial velocity (m/sec) vel.y = 5*(rand - 0.5); % Set the initial position (center of the ball) pos.x = 0.5+9*rand; % X & Y initial position (m) pos.y = 0.5+9*rand; dT = 0.1; % Animation time step (sec) h_rect = rectangle('Position',[pos.x-0.5, pos.y-0.5, 1, 1],'Curvature',[1,1], 'FaceColor','r'); axis([0 10 0 10]); % Animate the pool ball moving while (vel.x^2 + vel.y^2) > 0.5 % Exit when the speed drops too low % create a circle using rectangle function & handle to object pause(dT); % Pause for dT seconds pos.x = pos.x + vel.x * dT; % X position update pos.y = pos.y + vel.y * dT; % Y position update % Check for bouncing off a wall if (pos.y > 9.5) | (pos.y < 0.5) % Hit the top or bottom wall vel.y = -vel.y*0.9; end if (pos.x > 9.5) | (pos.x < 0.5) % Hit the right or left wall vel.x = -vel.x*0.9; end set(h_rect, 'Position', [pos.x-0.5, pos.y-0.5, 1, 1]); end Slide 10 of 14
![3D animation in MATLAB METHOD#1 – Update ‘Position’ Monday 17 Nov 2014 EGR 115 Introduction to Computing for Engineers % Set the initial velocity vel.x = 5*(rand - 0.5); % X & Y initial velocity (m/sec) vel.y = 5*(rand - 0.5); % Set the initial position (center of the ball) pos.x = 0.5+9*rand; % X & Y initial position (m) pos.y = 0.5+9*rand; dT = 0.1; % Animation time step (sec) h_rect = rectangle( Position ,[pos.x-0.5, pos.y-0.5, 1, 1], Curvature ,[1,1], FaceColor , r ); axis([ ]); % Animate the pool ball moving while (vel.x^2 + vel.y^2) > 0.5 % Exit when the speed drops too low % create a circle using rectangle function & handle to object pause(dT); % Pause for dT seconds pos.x = pos.x + vel.x * dT; % X position update pos.y = pos.y + vel.y * dT; % Y position update % Check for bouncing off a wall if (pos.y > 9.5) | (pos.y < 0.5) % Hit the top or bottom wall vel.y = -vel.y*0.9; end if (pos.x > 9.5) | (pos.x < 0.5) % Hit the right or left wall vel.x = -vel.x*0.9; end set(h_rect, Position , [pos.x-0.5, pos.y-0.5, 1, 1]); end Slide 10 of 14](http://images.slideplayer.com./27/8954209/slides/slide_10.jpg "3D animation in MATLAB METHOD#1 – Update ‘Position’ Monday 17 Nov 2014 EGR 115 Introduction to Computing for Engineers % Set the initial velocity vel.x = 5*(rand - 0.5); % X & Y initial velocity (m/sec) vel.y = 5*(rand - 0.5); % Set the initial position (center of the ball) pos.x = 0.5+9*rand; % X & Y initial position (m) pos.y = 0.5+9*rand; dT = 0.1; % Animation time step (sec) h_rect = rectangle( Position ,[pos.x-0.5, pos.y-0.5, 1, 1], Curvature ,[1,1], FaceColor , r ); axis([ ]); % Animate the pool ball moving while (vel.x^2 + vel.y^2) > 0.5 % Exit when the speed drops too low % create a circle using rectangle function & handle to object pause(dT); % Pause for dT seconds pos.x = pos.x + vel.x * dT; % X position update pos.y = pos.y + vel.y * dT; % Y position update % Check for bouncing off a wall if (pos.y > 9.5) | (pos.y < 0.5) % Hit the top or bottom wall vel.y = -vel.y*0.9; end if (pos.x > 9.5) | (pos.x < 0.5) % Hit the right or left wall vel.x = -vel.x*0.9; end set(h_rect, Position , [pos.x-0.5, pos.y-0.5, 1, 1]); end Slide 10 of 14")
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3D animation in MATLAB METHOD#2 – Update ‘Visibility’ Monday 17 Nov 2014 EGR 115 Introduction to Computing for Engineers Slide 11 of 14 % Set the initial velocity vel.x = 5*(rand - 0.5); % X & Y initial velocity (m/sec) vel.y = 5*(rand - 0.5); % Set the initial position (center of the ball) pos.x = 0.5+9*rand; % X & Y initial position (m) pos.y = 0.5+9*rand; dT = 0.1; % Animation time step (sec) % Animate the pool ball moving while (vel.x^2 + vel.y^2) > 0.5 % Exit when the speed drops too low % create a circle using rectangle function & handle to object h_rect = rectangle('Position',[pos.x-0.5, pos.y-0.5, 1, 1],'Curvature',[1,1],'FaceColor','r'); axis([0 10 0 10]); pause(dT); % Pause for dT seconds pos.x = pos.x + vel.x * dT; % X position update pos.y = pos.y + vel.y * dT; % Y position update % Check for bouncing off a wall if (pos.y > 9.5) | (pos.y < 0.5) % Hit the top or bottom wall vel.y = -vel.y*0.9; end if (pos.x > 9.5) | (pos.x < 0.5) % Hit the right or left wall vel.x = -vel.x*0.9; end set(h_rect, 'Visible', 'off'); end
![3D animation in MATLAB METHOD#2 – Update ‘Visibility’ Monday 17 Nov 2014 EGR 115 Introduction to Computing for Engineers Slide 11 of 14 % Set the initial velocity vel.x = 5*(rand - 0.5); % X & Y initial velocity (m/sec) vel.y = 5*(rand - 0.5); % Set the initial position (center of the ball) pos.x = 0.5+9*rand; % X & Y initial position (m) pos.y = 0.5+9*rand; dT = 0.1; % Animation time step (sec) % Animate the pool ball moving while (vel.x^2 + vel.y^2) > 0.5 % Exit when the speed drops too low % create a circle using rectangle function & handle to object h_rect = rectangle( Position ,[pos.x-0.5, pos.y-0.5, 1, 1], Curvature ,[1,1], FaceColor , r ); axis([ ]); pause(dT); % Pause for dT seconds pos.x = pos.x + vel.x * dT; % X position update pos.y = pos.y + vel.y * dT; % Y position update % Check for bouncing off a wall if (pos.y > 9.5) | (pos.y < 0.5) % Hit the top or bottom wall vel.y = -vel.y*0.9; end if (pos.x > 9.5) | (pos.x < 0.5) % Hit the right or left wall vel.x = -vel.x*0.9; end set(h_rect, Visible , off ); end](http://images.slideplayer.com./27/8954209/slides/slide_11.jpg "3D animation in MATLAB METHOD#2 – Update ‘Visibility’ Monday 17 Nov 2014 EGR 115 Introduction to Computing for Engineers Slide 11 of 14 % Set the initial velocity vel.x = 5*(rand - 0.5); % X & Y initial velocity (m/sec) vel.y = 5*(rand - 0.5); % Set the initial position (center of the ball) pos.x = 0.5+9*rand; % X & Y initial position (m) pos.y = 0.5+9*rand; dT = 0.1; % Animation time step (sec) % Animate the pool ball moving while (vel.x^2 + vel.y^2) > 0.5 % Exit when the speed drops too low % create a circle using rectangle function & handle to object h_rect = rectangle( Position ,[pos.x-0.5, pos.y-0.5, 1, 1], Curvature ,[1,1], FaceColor , r ); axis([ ]); pause(dT); % Pause for dT seconds pos.x = pos.x + vel.x * dT; % X position update pos.y = pos.y + vel.y * dT; % Y position update % Check for bouncing off a wall if (pos.y > 9.5) | (pos.y < 0.5) % Hit the top or bottom wall vel.y = -vel.y*0.9; end if (pos.x > 9.5) | (pos.x < 0.5) % Hit the right or left wall vel.x = -vel.x*0.9; end set(h_rect, Visible , off ); end")
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3D animation in MATLAB Save the animation to a movie Monday 17 Nov 2014 EGR 115 Introduction to Computing for Engineers Use the MATLAB VideoWriter to save frames to a movie VideoWriter(filename, profile) 1.First create a writerObject and set file properties 2.Open the file 3.Capture the frames 4.Close the file % Create file to capture video & set file properties writerObj = VideoWriter('bouncing_ball.mp4','MPEG-4'); writerObj.Quality = 90; writerObj.FrameRate = 5; open(writerObj);... frame = getframe; writeVideo(writerObj,frame);... close(writerObj); % Close file after capturing video Slide 12 of 14
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3D animation in MATLAB Save the animation to a movie Monday 17 Nov 2014 EGR 115 Introduction to Computing for Engineers Video: Slide 13 of 14 3D Version of the Bouncing ball
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Next Lecture Monday 17 Nov 2014 EGR 115 Introduction to Computing for Engineers Graphical User Interface (GUI) Design in MATLAB Slide 14 of 14
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