1. Tamara I.Leontieva Lectures on Translation Theory Department of Cross-cultural Communication and Translation Study Foreign Languages Center Vladivostok State University of Economics 2008

2. The Principle of Notional Compensation Methods and Techniques

3. Synonymous ways of expressing ideas Give variants of translation of the following Russian sentences: (a) «Это очень популярная книга». (b) «Что это за устройство?». (с) «И угораздило же вас!» into English.

4. How do you understand this quotation? “…whoever takes upon himself to translate, contracts a debt; to discharge it, he must pay not with the same money, but the same sum” (E.Nida).

5. Identical Phrasing Once upon a very early time there was a Neolithic man (R.Kipling). Давным-давно, еще в каменном веке, жил да был один человек (translated by K.Chukovsky). Method: redistribution of semantic components.

6. Copy the sentence …и глядя теперь на поле, каждый думал о том, дал бы Бог во-время убраться с хлебом, и было весело, и радостно, и неспокойно на душе (А.П.Чехов. В овраге)

7. Translation One …gazing at his fields everyone wondered if God would give him time to get in his corn; and his soul was gay and joyful, though at the same time troubled (translated by A.Chamot).

8. Translation Two All of them wondered whether God would allow the grain to be gathered in time, and their hearts were filled with mingled emotions and cheerfulness and anxiety (translated by J.Coulson).

9. The Method of Adjustment … в Сибирь ходил, и на Амуре был, и на Алтае, и в Сибирь переселился, землю там пахал (А.Чехов. В овраге) I went as a delegate from my village to Siberia, and I have been to the Amur River and the Altai Mountains and I settled in Siberia; I worked the land there (translated by C.Garnett)

10. Marginal Notes or Commentary Она поехала к портнихе, потом к Барнаю, который только вчера приехал… (А.Čehov. Poprygun’ya) She drove to her dressmaker’s and then called on Barnay, the famous German tragedian, who had just arrived… Translated by Chamot)

11. Lexical Expansion Ну, Котик, сегодня ты играла, как никогда, - сказал Иван Петрович со слезами на глазах, когда его дочь кончила и встала. - Умри, Денис, лучше не напишешь (Čehov. Ionyč) Well, Kitty, you played as never before tonight, said Turkin with tears in his eyes after the daughter had finished, and he quoted the words addressed to the Russian XVII c. playwright Denis Fonvizin: You can die now, Denis, you’ll never write anything better (translated by D.Magarshak)

12. Lexical Reduction - 1 (1) …я надену мою новенькую шляпку, а на плеча черную мантилью. (2) Я, признаюсь, подозреваю, сильно подозреваю этого человечка. (3) Я ведь, маточка, деньги коплю, откладываю, у меня денежка водится... (1) I shall wear my new hat and black mantilla. (2) To tell the truth, there is a man whom I very strongly suspect. (3) I’m saving money, dear heart, I have a bit put away…

13. Lexical Reduction - 2 …и помню, плывем на пароме, а я худой-худой, …а проезжий господин тут какой-то на пароме - если помер, то царство ему небесное - глядит на меня жалостно. …and I remember once we were on a ferry-boat, I was as thin as thin, and a gentleman was going by and he looked at me, he was sorry for me.

14. Stylistic Compensation - 1 Дозвольте, барин дорогой, слово сказать. Вы не то глядите, что я как говорится, пьян, глядите, о чем я плачу и убиваюсь. Слова нет. Может я действительно не в своем виде, ну я весь перед вами как на ладони, ваша воля казнить, ваша миловать, и при том не в буйном хмелю. Allow me, my master, sir, to say my piece. Don’t you pay no attention to the fact that I’m drunk, just to the cause of my tears and torment. I’m lost for words. P’r’aps I’ve really ‘ad one over the eight, but ‘ere I stand, naked before you. Yer free to condemn or pardon me, yet I’m not making a drunken uproar about it.

15. Stylistic Compensation - 2 Матушка барыня, Анна Гувертовна, детки дорогие, надоть глядеть, откедова у человека слезы, верно я говорю? Какой, может, о душе, а какой об закащицком кредите, это надоть понимать. (Б.Пастернак) Anna Hubertovna, dearest mistress and you dear children. You oughter see where a man draws his tears from, ain’t that true? You might get one man weeping about his soul, another about his credit orders, p’r’aps you have to see that (Anning).

16. Home Assignment 1. Study the lecture very carefully (the red file in the Resource Center). 2. Find an English text with parallel translation and by analyzing the two variants write out examples of notional compensation. Be able to explain what kind of compensation is used.