1. ‘Not Normal’ Classroom Norms Minnie Liu and Peter Liljedahl Simon Fraser University

2. “Unlike mathematics, numeracy does not so much lead toward in an ascending pursuit of abstraction as it moves outward toward an ever richer engagement with life’s diverse contexts and situations.” (Orrill, 2001, p. xviii) Numeracy

3. “…the questions [are] more challenging, [and] require critical thinking. It gives you an opportunity to solve problems as a team and learn how to cooperate with each other. You will find yourself discovering new things while doing this task. [They] will help your group work skill, critical thinking skills and problem solving skills.” The Nature of Numeracy Tasks

4. “…the questions [are] more challenging, [and] require critical thinking. It gives you an opportunity to solve problems as a team and learn how to cooperate with each other. You will find yourself discovering new things while doing this task. [They] will help your group work skill, critical thinking skills and problem solving skills.” The Nature of Numeracy Tasks

5. “…the questions [are] more challenging, [and] require critical thinking. It gives you an opportunity to solve problems as a team and learn how to cooperate with each other. You will find yourself discovering new things while doing this task. [They] will help your group work skill, critical thinking skills and problem solving skills.” The Nature of Numeracy Tasks

6. “…the questions [are] more challenging, [and] require critical thinking. It gives you an opportunity to solve problems as a team and learn how to cooperate with each other. You will find yourself discovering new things while doing this task. [They] will help your group work skill, critical thinking skills and problem solving skills.” The Nature of Numeracy Tasks

7. “…the questions [are] more challenging, [and] require critical thinking. It gives you an opportunity to solve problems as a team and learn how to cooperate with each other. You will find yourself discovering new things while doing this task. [They] will help your group work skill, critical thinking skills and problem solving skills.” The Nature of Numeracy Tasks

8. “…the questions [are] more challenging, [and] require critical thinking. It gives you an opportunity to solve problems as a team and learn how to cooperate with each other. You will find yourself discovering new things while doing this task. [They] will help your group work skill, critical thinking skills and problem solving skills.” The Nature of Numeracy Tasks

9. “…the questions [are] more challenging, [and] require critical thinking. It gives you an opportunity to solve problems as a team and learn how to cooperate with each other. You will find yourself discovering new things while doing this task. [They] will help your group work skill, critical thinking skills and problem solving skills.” The Nature of Numeracy Tasks

10. Grade 8 mathematics students (n = 30) Grade 8 mathematics students (n = 30) Mini School Program at a secondary school in Vancouver Mini School Program at a secondary school in Vancouver In class observation, field notes, impromptu interviews, and survey In class observation, field notes, impromptu interviews, and survey Grounded Theory Methods Grounded Theory Methods Methodology

11. “The problems are meant to help develop the thinking involved. And to showcase that there are different ways and thinking to find an answer.” “We have to finish the questions by the end of the week and get a new one every week.” Classroom Norms (Yackel and Cobb)

12. “The problems are meant to help develop the thinking involved. And to showcase that there are different ways and thinking to find an answer.” “We have to finish the questions by the end of the week and get a new one every week.” Classroom Norms (Yackel and Cobb)

13. “The problems are meant to help develop the thinking involved. And to showcase that there are different ways and thinking to find an answer.” “We have to finish the questions by the end of the week and get a new one every week.” Classroom Norms (Yackel and Cobb)

14. “The problems are meant to help develop the thinking involved. And to showcase that there are different ways and thinking to find an answer.” “We have to finish the questions by the end of the week and get a new one every week.” Classroom Norms (Yackel and Cobb)

15. “[These are] odd questions that’s not often seen [in other math classes].” “… [Numeracy tasks] are often complicated and allow you to use your brain. Many other projects in class are basically revisits from what we’ve done … [The numeracy tasks and the projects] are on a complete different level.” Abnormal Norms

16. “[These are] odd questions that’s not often seen [in other math classes].” “… [Numeracy tasks] are often complicated and allow you to use your brain. Many other projects in class are basically revisits from what we’ve done … [The numeracy tasks and the projects] are on a complete different level.” Abnormal Norms

17. “[These are] odd questions that’s not often seen [in other math classes].” “… [Numeracy tasks] are often complicated and allow you to use your brain. Many other projects in class are basically revisits from what we’ve done … [The numeracy tasks and the projects] are on a complete different level.” Abnormal Norms

18. Institutional norms “take the form of cultural theories, ideologies, and prescriptions about how society works or should work… institutionalized cultural rules define the meaning and identity of the individual and the patterns of appropriate economic, political, and cultural activity.” (Meyer et al., 1987, p. 9) Institutional Norms

19. Students’ experiences are Temporary Temporary Unique Unique Limit students’ mathematics experiences Limit students’ mathematics experiences Regression to past experiences Regression to past experiences Institutional Norms

20. 1) 1)What are some of the institutional norms in a secondary school setting (specifically in a mathematics classroom)? 2) 2)How do institutional norms influence students and teachers in a secondary school setting? 3) 3)Is it possible to normalize these ‘abnormal’ norms? How can this be done? Ongoing Research Questions

21. Thank you!

22. Contact Us Minnie Liu minniel@sfu.ca Peter Liljedahl liljedahl@sfu.ca peterliljedahl.com minniel@sfu.ca liljedahl@sfu.ca minniel@sfu.ca liljedahl@sfu.ca

24. “Normative aspects of mathematical discussions that are specific to students’ mathematical activity.” (Yackel and Cobb, 1996) Teachers’ endorsed norms, teachers’ and students’ enacted norms, students’ perceived norms (Levenson et al., 2009) Sociomathematical Norms