1. Problem Based Learning

2. First established for medical students McMaster University in Canada late 60’s early 70’s Currently in the show “House” Is not exclusive to medical field PBL Background and Influences

3. John Dewey Jean Piaget Other influences = According to –Dewey – “engagement” and “experience” – Purpose begins with interest; interest creates motivation and desire –Socratic Method/Questioning - Pose a question – reason through it with series of questions, hypotheses, disproving it step by step – ON YOUR OWN –Constructivist Theory – Cognitive – Teacher Guided Rather Than Teacher Driven; Teacher should bring down walls between students and the truth. –Piaget – Developmental levels, 11+ year olds should be able to engage in PBL

4. –Multiple Intelligences – Howard Gardner Howard Gardner – 1984 –Convergent and Divergent Thinking – Hudson 1967 – Divergent - The other he termed "divergent" thinking. Here the student's skill is in broadly creative elaboration of ideas prompted by a stimulus, and is more suited to artistic pursuits and study in the humanities. –In order to get at this kind of thinking, he devised open-ended tests, such as the "Uses of Objects" test –Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs – “Self Actualizaiton” Howard Gardner Abraham Maslow PBL Background and Influences

5. 1.Present the Problem 2.List ‘What you know…’ 3.Develop a Problem Statement 4.List possible Solutions 5.Create an Action Plan 6.Research 7.Write up with support & Present The PBL Process

6. Introduce a puzzling or troublesome situation that requires learners to apply and test previous knowledge. Teacher as Coach –No longer disseminator/knowledge holder Student as Active-Problem Solver –No longer passive listeners Design open-ended projects with many possibilities for competent design and development. Students have maximum opportunities to formulate problems, develop hypotheses, create arguments, and defend their views to peers. PBL in Education

7. Video http://www.ny1.com/n y1/content/index.jsp? &aid=74415&search_ result=1&stid=8 http://www.ny1.com/n y1/content/index.jsp? &aid=74415&search_ result=1&stid=8 Demonstration of PBL

8. How do you recognize PBL in a classroom? Students may be working in groups. Students/Groups are working differently than each other. The teacher is not the main resource, just a facilitator. Project based or involves multiple tasks to achieve goal. Guidelines/Rubric that students are following. Objectives/Essential Questions are clearly stated and seen.

9. Potential Benefits of PBL Resemblance to Real World Problems Instills Ownership in the Learning Process Promotes Creative Thinking Develops Organizational Skills Fosters Responsible Members of a Learning Community

10. Possible Pitfalls of PBL Familiarity with traditional approach Ability to work cooperatively in a group Transitioning from traditional lecturer to coach/facilitator Loss of control Creating an effective ‘ill-structured’ problem For studentsFor teachers

11. Discussion Questions Could you make curriculum requirements regarding Problem Based Learning? How effective would this be in the Elementary and Middle School? High School? Do you see any roadblocks with assessment by the teacher?

12. Works Cited “Socratic Method & Scientific Method.” 2/07/07. http://www.niu.edu/~jdye/method.html. 10/19/2007. http://www.niu.edu/~jdye/method.html “Socratic Method.” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socratic_method. 10/19/2007. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socratic_method “The Six Types of Socratic Questions.” http://www.engin.umich.edu/~CRE/probsolv/strat egy/cthinking.htm. 10/19/2007. http://www.engin.umich.edu/~CRE/probsolv/strat egy/cthinking.htm

13. Works Cited Camp, Gwendie, PhD. “Problem-Based Learning: A Paradigm Shift or a Passing Fad?” http://www.med-ed-online.org/f0000003.htm. 10/13/07.http://www.med-ed-online.org/f0000003.htm “Problem-Based Learning (PBL).” http://www.learning- theories.com/problem-based-learning-pbl.html. 10/13/2007.http://www.learning- theories.com/problem-based-learning-pbl.html “A Comparative Study of Learning in Lecture vs. Problem-Based Format.” Liuex, Elizabeth M. http://www.udel.edu/pbl/cte/spr96-nutr.html. 10/13/2007.http://www.udel.edu/pbl/cte/spr96-nutr.html “What is Problem Based Learning? http://pbl.cqu.edu/au/content/what_is_pbl.htm. 10/13/2007. http://pbl.cqu.edu/au/content/what_is_pbl.htm “Problem Based Learning.” http://www.studygs.net/pbl.htm. 10/13/2007.http://www.studygs.net/pbl.htm “History of Education: Selected Moments.” http://fcis.oise.utoronto.ca/~daniel_sc/assignment1/1969mcmaster.html. 10/13/2007. http://fcis.oise.utoronto.ca/~daniel_sc/assignment1/1969mcmaster.html “Featured Article: Problem-Based Learning: An Introduction.” Rhem, James. http://www.ntlf.com/html/pi/9812/pbl_1.htm. 10/14/2007.http://www.ntlf.com/html/pi/9812/pbl_1.htm “Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs.” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maslow’s_hierarchy_of_needs. 10/22/06. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maslow’s_hierarchy_of_needs. 10/22/06

14. Works Cited “Constructivism.” Bencze, J.L. http://leo.oise.utoronto.ca/~lbencze/Constructivism.html#constructivi st%20learning. 10/21/2007. http://leo.oise.utoronto.ca/~lbencze/Constructivism.html#constructivi st%20learning “Convergent and Divergent Thinking Styles.” http://www.learningandteaching.info/learning/converge.htm. 10/21/2007. http://www.learningandteaching.info/learning/converge.htm “Piaget’s Key Ideas.” http://www.learningandteaching.info/learning/piaget.htm. 10/21/2007. http://www.learningandteaching.info/learning/piaget.htm “Multiple Intelligences.” http://www.learningandteaching.info/learning/multiple.htm/ 10/21/2007. http://www.learningandteaching.info/learning/multiple.htm/ “Pask and Lauillard.” http://www.learningandteaching.info/learning/pask.htm. 10/21/2007. http://www.learningandteaching.info/learning/pask.htm