1. 1 12. Vacuole A. Temporary storage (sugars, proteins, minerals, wastes & pigments) B. Plants have a large central vacuole C. C. Animals have a small or absent vacuole Vacuole Cells – Part 3

2. 2 13. Mitochondrion (plural = mitochondria) A. “Powerhouse” of the cell B. Generate cellular energy (ATP) C. More active cells like muscle cells have MORE mitochondria D. Both plants & animal cells have mitochondria E. Site of CELLULAR RESPIRATION (burning sugar to produce energy (ATP) )

3. 3 MITOCHONDRIA A. Surrounded by a DOUBLE membrane 1. Increases surface area for more chemical reactions B. Has its own DNA

4. 4 14. Plastids (Plant Cells) A.A plant organelle B.Contain pigments C.Example: A.Leucoplasts: colorless; store starch

5. 5 15. Chloroplast (Plant cells) A. Contain the green pigment chlorophyll B. Traps in sunlight to make sugar (food) C. Process is called photosynthesis

6. 6 16. Cytoskeleton A.Helps cell maintain cell shape B.Made of proteins C.Network of fibers constructed of: a.microtubules b. microfilaments

7. 7 17. Peroxisomes 1.Use oxygen to break down fats 2.In the liver; detoxifies alcohol 18. Centrioles (Animal cell) 1.Near the nucleus 2.Paired structure 3.Help cell divide

8. 8 19. Cilia 1.Movement in unicellular organisms 2.Occur in large numbers 3.Cells in a part of a tissue layer use cilia to move fluid over the surface. 4.Example: Lining of windpipe 20. Flagella 1.Movement in unicellular organisms 2.Generally longer than cilia and limited to one or a few per cell 3. Example: Sperm and algae

9. 9 A. Types of Cells 2. Different kinds of animal cells 1.Different kinds of plant cells Cell Comparisons

10. 10 Similarities between plant and animal cells 1.Both have a cell membrane surrounding the cytoplasm 2.Both have a nucleus 3.Both contain mitochondria

11. 11 C. Differences between plant and animal cells Animal CellsPlant Cells Relatively smaller in size Relatively larger in size Irregular shapeRegular shape No cell wallCell wall present Vacuole small or absentLarge central vacuole Glycogen as food storage Starch as food source Nucleus at the centerNucleus near cell wall

12. 12 E. Plant Cell Organelles D. Animal Cell Organelles