1. CELLS

2. A cell is the smallest basic unit of matter that can carry on the process of life.

3. Organisms can be unicellular (made of only ONE cell) or multicellular (made of many cells).

4. Unicellular organisms: bacteria & protists like amoebas, paramecium, & euglenas…

5. Bacteria Amoeba Paramecium Euglena Unicellular Organisms

6. Multicellular organisms: humans, birds, trees, mushrooms…

7. Multicellular Organisms

8. Organisms have many different types of specialized cells that perform different functions Examples: blood cells, nerve cells, muscle cells, bone cells…

9. Organelles: tiny cell structures that have a specific function Like the “little organs of the cell”

10. “Brain” of the cell or “control center” that directs all activities including reproduction Nucleus: “Brain” of the cell or “control center” that directs all activities including reproduction

11. *large oval or round structure *found in both plant & animal cells (eukaryote) *Nuclear Membrane: protects nucleus *Chromosomes: contains genetic material (DNA) Chromosome DNA

12. Chromosomes are rod-shaped structures found in the nucleus which contain genetic material that has instructions for the activities of the cell.

13. Both Prokaryotic Cells & Eukaryotic Cells have genetic material (DNA)

14. 2 Types of cells: Prokaryote= a cell that does NOT have a nucleus

15. The genetic material is floating around in the cell. Ex: Bacteria

16. 2 Types of cells: Eukaryote= a cell that has its genetic material inside a nucleus. Ex: animals, plants, fungi, protists

17. Other Organelles

19. Cell Wall: Rigid layer that protects and supports plant cells

20. Cell Wall: many materials including water and oxygen can pass through -found only in plant cells Cell Wall

21. Cell Membrane: Controls what comes into and out of the cell -Has tiny openings or pores

22. Cell Membrane: food and oxygen enter, waste exits -Like a window screen, keeps the bugs out! -found in both plant & animal cells

23. Chloroplast: captures light from the sun and uses it to produce food for the cell (photosynthesis)

24. Chloroplast: large green structures -found only in plant cells

25. Vacuole: stores food, water, waste products and other materials needed by the cell Vacuole

26. Vacuole: all plants and some animal cells have vacuoles -larger in plant cells than in animal cells