1. U NIT 3 T EST R EVIEW

2. C ELLULAR F UNCTIONS Cell Wall gives the cell structure and support Plasma (Cell) Membrane maintains homeostasis within the cell by allowing some substances to enter and others to leave Vacuoles stores water and some nutrients as well as maintains turgor pressure within plant cells; in animal cells it is used to store waste products and to transport proteins packaged by the Golgi body.

3. C ELLULAR F UNCTIONS Lysosomes Chloroplasts makes glucose through the process of photosynthesis Centrioles organelle used in mitosis Ribosomes synthesizes proteins digests and breaks down worn out cellular parts and foreign objects

4. C ELLULAR F UNCTIONS Nucleus structures that hold DNA Plasmid sorts, packages and distributes materials produced by the ER Golgi body(apparatus ) produces ATP through the process of cellular respiration Mitochondria controls the cell

5. C ELLULAR F UNCTIONS DNA (genetic material ) used by the cells for movement Cilia/Flagella fluid part of the cell that suspends organelles and where most metabolic activity takes place Cytoplasm produces materials for the cell and transports them to the Golgi body; rough is an attachment point for ribosomes Endoplasmic Reticulum smooth & rough contains the genetic code for making proteins

6. What are three main differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? *prokaryotic cells are small, eukaryotic cells are bigger *prokaryotic cells are simple, eukaryotic cells are more complex * Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus, eukaryotic cells have a nucleus

7. What are the three parts of the Cell Theory? *all living things are composed of one or more cells *cells are the basic unit of structure and function of living things *all cells arise from other cells

8. What three organelles do plant cells contain that animal cells do not? *cell wall *chloroplast *central vacuole

9. D EFINE THE FOLLOWING TERMS, DESCRIBE THE MOVEMENT OF WATER AND WHAT HAPPENS TO THE CELL : Isotonic Solution Define: equal movement of water in/out of the cell Water movement: both in and out What happens to the cell?: stays the same Hypotonic Solution Define: a hypotonic solution refers to a solution that contains less solute (more water) compared to the cytoplasm of the cell Water movement: water moves into the cell What happens to the cell?: Cell swells Hypertonic Solution Define: A solution that has higher osmotic pressure (or has more solutes) than another solution to which it is compared Water movement: water moves out of the cell What happens to the cell?: Cell shrivels

10. E XPLAIN THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PASSIVE AND ACTIVE TRANSPORT. Passive transport does not require energy. Active transport requires energy.

11. D EFINE EACH OF THE FOLLOWING TYPES OF TRANSPORT AND INDICATE WHETHER IT IS PASSIVE OR ACTIVE. simple diffusion: small molecules moving across the cell membrane from high to low concentrations: passive facilitated diffusion: large molecules using a protein channel to move across the cell membrane from high to low concentrations: passive endocytosis: A process in which cell takes in materials from the outside by engulfing and fusing them with its plasma membrane, active

12. W HAT PART OF THE CELL DOES THIS PICTURE REPRESENT AND WHAT IS ITS FUNCTION ? Cell membrane, allows certain things in/out of the cell

13. W HAT TYPES OF CELLS DO PHOTOSYNTHESIS ? P LANTS, ANIMALS OR BOTH ? Plants What types of cells do cellular respiration? Plants, animals or both? Both What types of cells contain plasmids? Prokaryote, Eukaryote or both? Both

14. H OW ARE THE EQUATIONS FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND CELLULAR RESPIRATION RELATED ? The products of photosynthesis are the reactants for cellular respiration. They are opposites.

15. D RAW A MITOCHONDRIA. The mitochondria has a folded interior membrane. Why? cell processes can be more efficient, the membranes provide a large surface area, and the membranes form interconnected compartments What process occurs in the mitochondria? Cellular respiration

16. D RAW A CHLOROPLAST. What process occurs in the chloroplast? photosynthesis

17. H UMANS GET ABOUT ½ OF THEIR NEEDED PROTEINS FROM THEIR DAILY DIET. W HERE DO WE GET THE OTHER ½ FROM ? Proteins are synthesized by ribosomes in the cell

18. O THER V OCAB : A LSO BE FAMILIAR WITH THE FOLLOWING WORDS / DEFINITIONS. ATP, microbes, contractile, diffusion, synthesis, regulation, excretion, osmosis, incapable ATP – energy Microbes – small organisms Contractile – the ability to contract Diffusion – movement of a substance from an area of high to low concentration Synthesis – to make Regulation – to control what happens Excretion – to get rid of Osmosis – movement of water Incapable – not able